Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients can lead to significant complications including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Despite progress in managing EBV reactivation in allo-HCT recipients, data on clinical characteristics and prognostic implications of EBV viral load remain limited. Here, we aim to evaluate the prevalence, identify risk factors, and assess the clinical implications of EBV-DNA positivity in allo-HCT recipients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
January 2023
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic destructive autoimmune disease of the joints which causes significant pain, functional disability, and mortality. Although aberrant immune cell activation induced by the imbalance between T helper Th1/Th17 and Treg cells is implicated in the RA development, its etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The presence of mucosal inflammation and systemic IgA-isotype-autoantibodies (anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor) in pre-clinical RA supports the mucosal origin hypothesis involving altered microbiota in disease development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Presence of preformed donor specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC-XM) is a strong contraindication for transplant. However, it has limitations including its sensitivity and its inability to distinguish between HLA-specific and other non-HLA-specific antibodies. In this study, we standardized CDC-XM by flow cytometry and determined its relevance by comparing its results with other methods of DSA detection, such as routine CDC-XM, antibody binding assay by flow cytometry (FC-XM), and Luminex-based crossmatch assays, such as Luminex crossmatch (LXM) and virtual crossmatch (VXM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-17-producing Th17 cells play an important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant immune activation due to an imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is associated with the development of RA and other autoimmune diseases. Targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and their associated molecules is emerging as a promising strategy to treat and reverse RA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a risk factor for relapse of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and genetic susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases is majorly affected by HLA genes. Previous studies have shown the association of HLA Class-II genes with GPA susceptibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing small vessel vasculitis that can affect various organs and present multiple symptoms. Susceptibility to AAV is multifactorial and most likely caused by an amalgamation of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms in North Indian AAV patients and their associations with clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-3, a cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, is known to regulate the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. However, the role of IL-3 in regulation of T cell functions is not fully delineated. Previously, we have reported that IL-3 plays an important role in development of regulatory T cells in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a precise, cost-effective, and minimal invasive technique for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to analyze clinical and cytological characteristics of EPTB with particular emphasis on pathogenesis.
Methods: This was a retrospective study analyzing 237 cases of EPTB diagnosed on FNAC.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis leading to joint destruction and systemic bone loss. The inflammation-induced bone loss is mediated by increased osteoclast formation and function. Current antirheumatic therapies primarily target suppression of inflammatory cascade with limited or no success in controlling progression of bone destruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We compared levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and T-regulatory cells in active and remitting granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
Methodology: Twenty-one cases of GPA in active state as well as in remitting state and 20 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. Cytokines were detected in culture supernatants of PBMCs after stimulation with proteinase-3 (PR3) and phytohemagglutinin antigen (PHA).
Aim: The present study is a proteomic approach to find differentially expressed proteins in sera of limited and systemic subsets of active disease versus their remitting state in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and their correlation with disease activity.
Methods: Eighteen patients with GPA in active as well as in remitting state and four healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. For proteomics analysis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis along with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were performed.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol
August 2012
Context: The need to perform reporting of renal biopsies of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides in a more uniform manner required relook at our eight-year data.
Aims: To document detailed renal histopathology of pauci-immune rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and also to seek any significant differences in renal histology of C-ANCA-positive, P-ANCA-positive, and ANCA-negative patients.
Materials And Methods: A detailed analysis of the histopathologic features of renal biopsies of 48 patients in whom a diagnosis of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis was concluded on renal biopsy and who presented clinically as rapidly progressive renal failure was done.
A retrospective analysis was conducted of eight cases of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), who presented with cutaneous lesions. The clinical, immunopathologic and histopathologic features of the cutaneous lesions were reviewed. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) status of the patients was established.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In a developing, tropical country like India, discontinuous power supply, high temperatures during summer, and lack of consistent cold chain and funds provide a challenging atmosphere for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing and reporting. However, a simple in-house test and testing algorithm are described here, which have been developed and tested over time.
Materials And Methods: An analysis of a decade of testing and reporting of ANCA in the Department of Immunopathology in a tertiary referral health care center was performed to highlight the importance of testing for ANCA in proposed 1999 guideline recommended indications.
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