Effect of Low-Energy Diets Differing in Fiber, Red Meat, and Coffee Intake on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Obese Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates both the cardiovascular system and energy balance and is disturbed in diabetes and obesity. The effect of different approaches of caloric restriction on ANS function has not been assessed in individuals with diabetes. Thus, we sought to determine whether low-energy diets differing in fiber, red meat, and coffee intake exert differential effects on cardiac autonomic function.

Differential Patterns and Determinants of Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Dysfunction during Endotoxemia and Oral Fat Load in Humans.

Unlabelled: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in regulating the metabolic homeostasis and controlling immune function. ANS alterations can be detected by reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in conditions like diabetes and sepsis. We determined the effects of experimental conditions mimicking inflammation and hyperlipidemia on HRV and heart rate (HR) in relation to the immune, metabolic, and hormonal responses resulting from these interventions.

POTS following traumatic stress: interacting central and intracardiac neural control?

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is one of the most overlooked complications in patients with diabetes. We report the case of a 19-year-old woman with a 4-year history of diabetes referred due to palpitations and light-headedness following traumatic stress. Rise of heart rate and blood pressure during tilt table testing indicated hyperadrenergic postural orthstatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Low-energy diets differing in fibre, red meat and coffee intake equally improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: a randomised feasibility trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Epidemiological studies have found that a diet high in fibre and coffee, but low in red meat, reduces the risk for type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that these nutritional modifications differentially improve whole-body insulin sensitivity (primary outcome) and secretion.

Methods: Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), type 2 diabetes treated with diet, metformin or acarbose and known disease duration of ≤ 5 years.

Mechanisms underlying the onset of oral lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans.

Several mechanisms, such as innate immune responses via Toll-like receptor-4, accumulation of diacylglycerols (DAG)/ceramides, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC), are considered to underlie skeletal muscle insulin resistance. In this study, we examined initial events occurring during the onset of insulin resistance upon oral high-fat loading compared with lipid and low-dose endotoxin infusion. Sixteen lean insulin-sensitive volunteers received intravenous fat (iv fat), oral fat (po fat), intravenous endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), and intravenous glycerol as control.

Cerebral c-jun expression mapping in sudden infant death syndrome.

Despite a decline in the overall rate of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), it remains the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality. Research into underlying mechanisms of SIDS has still not yielded a morphological, histopathological correlate explaining aetiology and pathophysiology of an infant's sudden death. Of particular interest would be elucidating pathophysiological and molecular events immediately preceding the infant's sudden death.