Insights of the Proton Transport Efficiency of a Membrane Electrode Assembly by Operando Monitoring of the Local Proton Concentration during Water Oxidation.

Direct estimation of the reaction environment, e.g., local pH at the anode side of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of zero gap electrolyzer, is essential to understand possible key factors, which are influencing the sustainable operation of industrial electrolyzers.

Brassica napus cytochrome P450 superfamily: Origin from parental species and involvement in diseases resistance, abiotic stresses tolerance, and seed quality traits.

Cytochromes P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) constitute the largest enzymic protein family that is widely present in plants, animals, and microorganisms, participate in numerous metabolic pathways, and play diverse roles in development, metabolism, and defense. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop worldwide and have many versions of reference genome. However, there is no systemically comparative genome-wide analysis of CYP450 family genes in rapeseed and its parental species B.

Promoting Proton Donation through Hydrogen Bond Breaking on Carbon Nitride for Enhanced HO Photosynthesis.

Photocatalytic HO production has attracted much attention as an alternative way to the industrial anthraquinone oxidation process but is limited by the weak interaction between the catalysts and reactants as well as inefficient proton transfer. Herein, we report on a hydrogen-bond-broken strategy in carbon nitride for the enhancement of HO photosynthesis without any sacrificial agent. The HO photosynthesis is promoted by the hydrogen bond formation between the exposed N atoms on hydrogen-bond-broken carbon nitride and HO molecules, which enhances proton-coupled electron transfer and therefore the photocatalytic activity.

Integration of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy in a Bifunctional Nanopipette toward Simultaneous Mapping of Activity and Selectivity in Electrocatalysis.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) were integrated in a single bifunctional probe for simultaneous mapping of the oxygen reduction current and the oxidation current of the produced HO. The dual probe is fabricated from a double-barrel θ capillary, comprising one open barrel filled with the electrolyte and another filled with pyrolytic carbon. Pt is deposited with a gas injection system (GIS) at the end of the carbon barrel.

Anodic HO Generation in Carbonate-Based Electrolytes-Mechanistic Insight from Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

For the anodic HO generation, it has been shown that the electrolyte composition can steer the reaction pathway toward increased HO generation. Previous efforts made on composition optimization found that the impact of the molar fraction of carbonate species varies for different anodes, and therefore, controversies remain concerning the reaction pathways as well as the species involved in HO formation. Considering that water oxidation results in the liberation of protons within the anode microenvironment, the corresponding acidification would cause an equilibrium shift between carbonate species, which in turn may modulate the reaction pathway.

Size Effects of Highly Dispersed Bismuth Nanoparticles on Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid.

Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added chemical fuels is a promising way to achieve carbon neutrality. Bismuth-based materials have been considered as favorable electrocatalysts for converting carbon dioxide to formic acid. Moreover, size-dependent catalysis offers significant advantages in catalyzed heterogeneous chemical processes.

Electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide from a zinc gallium oxide anode with dual active sites.

Electrochemical water oxidation enables the conversion of HO to HO. It holds distinct advantages to the O reduction reaction, which is restricted by the inefficient mass transfer and limited solubility of O in aqueous media. Nonetheless, most reported anodes suffer from high overpotentials (usually >1000 mV) and low selectivity.

Spontaneous Formation of Low Valence Copper on Red Phosphorus to Effectively Activate Molecular Oxygen for Advanced Oxidation Process.

Efficient spontaneous molecular oxygen (O) activation is an important technology in advanced oxidation processes. Its activation under ambient conditions without using solar energy or electricity is a very interesting topic. Low valence copper (LVC) exhibits theoretical ultrahigh activity toward O.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Gene Family in Rapeseed () Reveals Their Critical Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses.

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small cysteine-rich basic proteins which play essential roles in plant growth, development and abiotic/biotic stress response. However, there is limited information about the gene () family in rapeseed (). In this study, 283 genes were identified in rapeseed, which were distributed randomly in 19 chromosomes of rapeseed.

Monitoring cardiovascular disease severity using near-infrared mechanoluminescent materials as a built-in indicator.

Artificial vascular grafts (AVGs) are widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). But none of the reported AVGs can also monitor the CVD severity. Because CVDs affect the blood pressure, we proposed to employ a force-sensing material that emits near-infrared (NIR) light upon force loading, a NIR mechanoluminescent (ML) material (CaZnOS:Nd), as an indicator in AVGs to tackle this challenge.

Hydrogen Peroxide Production from Water Oxidation on a CuWO Anode in Oxygen-Deficient Conditions for Water Decontamination.

Hydrogen peroxide, an environmentally benign oxidant, is an effective chemical agent for water purification. On-site production of HO is considered economical because it avoids the cost of storage and transportation. Traditional generation of HO from oxygen reduction, as a heterogeneous electrochemical reaction, suffers from mass transfer problems because of the limited solubility and low diffusion rate of oxygen in water.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of FAD6 Gene from Chia (Salvia hispanica L.).

Plastidial Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (FAD6) is a key enzyme for linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) biosynthesis. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a revived omega-3 plant source that is richest in ALA level.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to and Cloning of the -Inducible Chitinase Genes in .

(Ss) is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in rapeseed (), and is also detrimental to mulberry and many other crops. A wild mulberry germplasm, , showed high resistance to , but the molecular basis for the resistance is largely unknown. Here, the transcriptome response characteristics of to infection were revealed by RNA-seq.

On-Demand Synthesis of H O by Water Oxidation for Sustainable Resource Production and Organic Pollutant Degradation.

H O is a versatile and environmentally friendly chemical involved in water treatment, such as advanced oxidation processes. Anthraquinone oxidation is widely used for large-scale production of H O , which requires significant energy input and periodic replacement of the carrier molecule. H O production should be customized considering the specific usage scenario.

Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate on Strained Ruthenium Nanoclusters.

The limitations of the Haber-Bosch reaction, particularly high-temperature operation, have ignited new interests in low-temperature ammonia-synthesis scenarios. Ambient N electroreduction is a compelling alternative but is impeded by a low ammonia production rate (mostly <10 mmol g h), a small partial current density (<1 mA cm), and a high-selectivity hydrogen-evolving side reaction. Herein, we report that room-temperature nitrate electroreduction catalyzed by strained ruthenium nanoclusters generates ammonia at a higher rate (5.

CaZnOS:Nd Emits Tissue-Penetrating near-Infrared Light upon Force Loading.

Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials are mechano-optical converters that can emit light under an external mechanical stimulus. All the existing ML materials can only emit light from near ultraviolet to red, which is outside the near-infrared (NIR) windows desired for biomechanical imaging. No studies have been done on doping rare earth (RE) ions with photoluminescence (PL) in the NIR region into a compound to form a ML material that emits NIR light in response to an external force.

Downregulation of miR‑146a promotes proliferation and migration of AOB‑treated embryoid body via PDGFRA induction.

Antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) has been proven to have antioxidant activity and an inhibitory effect on free radicals that induce deterioration of macromolecules. The multi‑target regulation of microRNAs (miRs) in the complicated process of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis lead to the use of miRNA therapy in vascular development. In the present study, the role of miRNAs on early embryo vascular development upon AOB stimulation was investigated.

Macrophage related cytokine expressions in depression mouse model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Depression is characterized by mental retardation, interest blank, hypoactivity, anxiety, appetite loss, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders and other symptoms. The incidence of depressed patients has demonstrated an upward trend in recent years. Antidepressant drugs are commonly used in modern medicine, but they have the side effect of drug resistance.

Astrocyte elevated gene-1: a novel independent prognostic biomarker for metastatic ovarian tumors.

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), a novel tumor-associated gene, was found overexpressed in many tumors. Therefore, our purpose is to estimate whether AEG-1 overexpression is a novel predictor of prognostic marker in metastatic ovarian tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to estimate AEG-1 overexpression in metastatic ovarian tumors from 102 samples.

Elevated expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is correlated with cisplatin-based chemoresistance and shortened outcome in patients with stages III-IV serous ovarian carcinoma.

Aims: To correlate astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) expression with the clinicopathological features and outcome of patients with stages III-IV ovarian serous carcinoma, and to clinically assess the involvement of AEG-1 in acquired cisplatin resistance.

Methods And Results: The frequency and intensity of immunohistochemical AEG-1 expression increased in a step-wise fashion from normal to chemosensitive to chemoresistant tissues. These observations were confirmed by Western blot analysis.

Fresh raspberry phytochemical extract inhibits hepatic lesion in a Wistar rat model.

Background: Red raspberry possesses potent antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer in vitro.

Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the protective effects of raspberry 80% acetone extract in a rat hepatic lesions model induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Rats were treated with the red raspberry extract (0.

[Anti-tumor immunity of Newcastle disease virus HN protein is influenced by differential subcellular targeting].

Background And Objective: Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of newcastle disease virus is an important immunogen for oncolysis. We designed three different expression plasmids encoding the HN protein targeted to different subcellular compartments: cytoplasmic (Cy-HN), secreted (Sc-HN) and membrane-anchored (M-HN). On the basis of antitumor effect in vitro, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor immunity effect of HN protein in vivo.

The anti-tumor effect of Newcastle disease virus HN protein is influenced by differential subcellular targeting.

Background: Immunotherapy is emerging as a major player in the current standard of care for aggressive cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The Newcastle disease virus with its tumor-specific replicative and oncolytic abilities is a promising immunotherapeutic candidate. A DNA vaccine expressing the major immunogenic hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of this virus has shown promising results as an immunotherapeutic agent.