FaMYB5 Interacts with FaBBX24 to Regulate Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Strawberry ( × ).

MYB and BBX transcription factors play important roles in flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we obtained transgenic woodland strawberry with stable overexpression of , demonstrating that FaMYB5 can increase anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in roots, stems and leaves of woodland strawberry. In addition, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and yeast two-hybridization demonstrated that the N-terminal (1-99aa) of FaBBX24 interacts with FaMYB5.

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling reveal the regulatory role of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in strawberry fruit ripening and abiotic stresses resistance.

The plant U-box (PUB) proteins are a type of E3 ubiquitin ligases well known for their functions in response to various stresses. They are also related to fruit development and ripening. However, PUB members possess such roles that remain unclear in strawberry.

Regulation of flavonoids in strawberry fruits by FaMYB5/FaMYB10 dominated MYB-bHLH-WD40 ternary complexes.

Anthocyanins endowing strawberry fruit red color are regulated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex. By analyzing the MYBs involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis in strawberry, we found that R2R3-FaMYB5 promoted the content of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins in strawberry fruits. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays confirmed that MBW complexes connected with flavonoid metabolism were FaMYB5/FaMYB10-FaEGL3 (bHLH)-FaLWD1/FaLWD1-like (WD40).

Light Quality and Sucrose-Regulated Detached Ripening of Strawberry with Possible Involvement of Abscisic Acid and Auxin Signaling.

The regulation of detached ripening is significant for prolonging fruit shelf life. Although light quality and sucrose affecting strawberry fruit ripening have been widely reported, little information is available about how they co-regulate the strawberry detached ripening process. In this study, different light qualities (red light-RL, blue light-BL, and white light-WL) and 100 mM sucrose were applied to regulate the ripening of initial red fruits detached from the plant.

A novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor FaMYB5 positively regulates anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in cultivated strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa).

Flavonoids have a major contribution to the fruit quality in cultivated strawberries and are regulated by MYB, bHLH and WD40 transcriptional factors. We reported here the identification of the FaMYB5, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, which positively regulated the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins through the trans-activation of the F3'H and LAR. The strawberry FaEGL3 and FaLWD1/FaLWD1-like interact with the R2R3-FaMYB5 to form an MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex (MBW), enhancing the regulatory efficiency.

Genome-Wide Identification of Strawberry C2H2-ZFP C1-2i Subclass and the Potential Function of in Abiotic Stress.

C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) play a key role in various plant biological processes and responses to environmental stresses. In Arabidopsisthaliana, C2H2-ZFP members with two zinc finger domains have been well-characterized in response to abiotic stresses. To date, the functions of these genes in strawberries are still uncharacterized.

Importance of FaWRKY71 in Strawberry () Fruit Ripening.

WRKY transcription factors play a nonnegligible role in plant growth and development, but little is known about the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in the regulation of fruit ripening. In this study, FaWRKY71 was identified to be closely related to fruit maturation in octoploid strawberry. FaWRKY71 protein localized in the nucleus and responded to cold, salt, low phosphate, ABA, and light quality in strawberry seedlings.

Alterations of Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Lead to the Natural Formation of Pinkish-Skinned and White-Fleshed Strawberry ().

Anthocyanin content is important for both the external and internal fruit quality of cultivated strawberries, but the mechanism of its accumulation in pinkish-skinned and white-fleshed strawberries is puzzling. Here, we found that the factor determining variation in the flesh color was not the but the in the cultivated strawberry Benihoppe and its white-fleshed mutant Xiaobai. Compared with Benihoppe, there was no significant difference in the coding sequence and expression level of in Xiaobai's flesh.

Genome-Wide Characterization of Snf1-Related Protein Kinases (SnRKs) and Expression Analysis of SnRK1.1 in Strawberry.

The plant sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs) are key regulators in the interconnection of various signaling pathways. However, little is known about the SnRK family in strawberries. In this study, a total of 26 FvSnRKs including one FvSnRK1, nine FvSnRK2s and 16 FvSnRK3s were identified from the strawberry genome database.

Sucrose Promotes Strawberry Fruit Ripening and Affects Ripening-Related Processes.

Strawberry is a typical nonclimacteric fruit, whose ripening mechanism needs to be further investigated. Sucrose has been recently proved as a signal molecule, participating in strawberry fruit ripening and related processes. While in the effects of sucrose application timing and concentration on ripening, fruit qualities remain unclear, as well as the transcriptome-wide details about the effects of sucrose on the gene expression involved in ripening-related processes.

ABA and sucrose co-regulate strawberry fruit ripening and show inhibition of glycolysis.

Abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose play an important role in strawberry fruit ripening, but how ABA and sucrose co-regulate this ripening progress remains unclear. The intention of this study was to examine the effect of ABA and sucrose on strawberry fruit ripening and to evaluate the ABA/sucrose interaction mechanism on the strawberry fruit ripening process. Here, we report that there is an acute synergistic effect between ABA and sucrose in accelerating strawberry fruit ripening.

Comparative transcriptome analysis uncovers the regulatory functions of long noncoding RNAs in fruit development and color changes of .

To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying fruit development and color change, comparative transcriptome analysis was employed to generate transcriptome profiles of two typical wild varieties of at three fruit developmental stages (green fruit stage, turning stage, and ripe fruit stage). We identified 25,699 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from 25,107 loci in the fruit transcriptome, which showed distinct stage- and genotype-specific expression patterns. Time course analysis detected a large number of differentially expressed protein-coding genes and lncRNAs associated with fruit development and ripening in both of the varieties.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of homologous genes in Chinese kale.

The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has developed into a powerful gene-editing tool that has been successfully applied to various plant species. However, studies on the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to cultivated Brassica vegetables are limited. Here, we reported CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var.

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Analysis of Red- and White-Fleshed Strawberry (Fragaria�ananassa) Provides New Insight into the Regulation of the Anthocyanin Pathway.

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments in plants. They confer both economic and healthy profits for humans. To gain a deeper insight into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria�ananassa; Fa), a widely consumed economically important fruit, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis of red- and white-fleshed strawberry cultivars in two ripening stages.

Effect of Red and Blue Light on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Differential Gene Expression in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa).

Light conditions can cause quantitative and qualitative changes in anthocyanin. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of light quality-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in fruits. In this study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were applied to explore the effect of red and blue light on strawberry coloration.