Virulence factors, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China.

Background: The investigation into virulence factors, clinical and molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in pediatric populations is currently inadequate.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the virulence factors, clinical and molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms of 135 CRPA isolates in Shanghai, China.

Methods: Analysis of virulence-associated genes and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) provided epidemiological and molecular insights into the isolates.

Non-carbapenem-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children: Risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanism.

Background: The investigation into risk factors, molecular epidemiology, and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in pediatric populations in China is currently inadequate.

Methods: To assess epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and resistance mechanisms, virulence-associated genes were analyzed, alongside multi locus sequence typing (MLST), PCR, and qRT-PCR.

Finding: Multivariate analysis identified prolonged hospitalization (OR: 1.

Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children in Shanghai, China (2019-2022).

Background: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains poses a significant threat to children's health. This study investigated antibiotic resistance rates in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from children in Shanghai and analyzed the presence of virulence genes in these strains.

Methods: We obtained 201 Helicobacter pylori strains from pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy between 2019 and 2022.

Shift in the dominant sequence type of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia infection from ST278-NDM-1 to ST11-KPC-2 in neonatal patients in a children's hospital in Shanghai, China, 2017-2021.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of CRKP infection in neonatal patients in a children's hospital in China from 2017 to 2021.

Methods: Species identification and antibiotic susceptibilities were tested with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and VITEK 2 systems. The clinical data were collected from medical records.

Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial prevention practice in nosocomial infection and molecular epidemiological characteristics in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli infection has emerged as a substantial threat to human health.

Methodology: In January 2017, a screening program for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli colonization was performed in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Subsequently, different strategies for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli cohorting and patient placements were introduced in January 2018.

Molecular characteristics and virulence factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among pediatric patients in Shanghai, China.

We retrospectively investigated CRKP isolates among 92 pediatric patients (32 neonates and 60 non‑neonates) in 2019 and 2020 (59 and 33 isolates, respectively) to investigate the molecular characteristics and virulence factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from pediatric patients,. All the CRKP isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, string testing, molecular typing of virulence and carbapenemase genes, and multilocus sequence typing. Hypervirulent K.

Molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in pediatric patients in China.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) have been increasingly reported in China. However, dynamic monitoring data on molecular epidemiology of CR-GNB are limited in pediatric patients.

Results: 300 CR-GNB isolates (200 Carbapenem-resistant K.

Emergence and spread of MT28 ptxP3 allele macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis from 2021 to 2022 in China.

Objectives: To reveal the clinical and molecular characteristics of Bordetella pertussis (BP) prevalent in Shanghai, China.

Methods: A total of 9430 children with suspected pertussis from 2021 to 2022 were included, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction detection, culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and 23S rRNA gene A2047G detection. BP strains were typed using multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and virulence genotyping.

A multicenter investigation of 2,773 cases of bloodstream infections based on China antimicrobial surveillance network (CHINET).

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs), especially hospital-acquired BSIs, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the details about the pathogens and antimicrobial resistance profile of BSIs across China are still lacking.

Methods: An investigation was conducted in 10 large teaching hospitals from seven geographic regions across China in 2016 based on China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) to profile the clinical and etiological features of BSIs.

The molecular and epidemiological characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children in Shanghai, China, 2016-2021.

Background: We isolated the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) strains from children during 2016-2021 in Shanghai, China and investigated the antimicrobial resistance, molecular and epidemiological features of these isolates.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to confirm the carbapenem resistance. Carbapenemase production was assessed by the rapid phenotypic identification of five major carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48), which were further confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Actively surveillance and appropriate patients placements' contact isolation dramatically decreased Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection and colonization in pediatric patients in China.

Background: With the increasing use of carbapenems in clinic practice, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has also increased, thus posing a significant threat to human health.

Aim: To assess the effects of CRE colonization active screening and various CRE patient placements implemented in decreasing CRE infection risk.

Methods: CRE colonization screening and various CRE patient placements were performed across CRE high-risk departments (PICU, NICU, neonatal wards and hematology departments) between 2017 and 2018, respectively.

A case report of hepatic abscesses with soft tissue infection caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a young child.

Rationale: Pyogenic hepatic abscess in children is a rare clinical condition. Hepatic abscesses caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are extremely rare.

Patient Concerns: A 6-year-old boy was referred to a tertiary children's hospital for a 6-day history of right lower abdominal pain and fever.

Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Shanghai, China, from 2013 to 2015.

This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of pathogens in children who were hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Children aged less than 18 years who were hospitalized with LRTIs were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2015. Respiratory specimens were collected for the detection of common respiratory viruses, atypical bacteria, and other bacteria using current laboratory diagnostic tests.

Involvement of protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the pathogenesis of isoniazid/rifampicin-induced liver injury: the prevention of curcumin.

Combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RFP) causes liver injury frequently among tuberculosis patients. However, mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity are not entirely understood. Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation, as an endogenous hepatotoxin, resulting from isoniazid and rifampicin co-therapy (INH/RFP) has been reported in PXR-humanized mice.

[Progress in the biomarker discovery for drug-induced liver injury].

The leading cause of drug withdrawal from market and clinical trials failure is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Varying clinical, histological and laboratory features of DILI, as well as undefined underlying mechanisms, hinder patients to be diagnosed in the early-stage of the disease and receive effective treatments. Conventional indicators, like serum transaminases and bilirubin, have inevitable limitations referring to sensitive prediction and specific detection of DILI.

Clonal Spread of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O128:H45 Strain in the Neonate Unit.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) has the potential to cause nosocomial infantile diarrhea in a hospital setting. We detected 12 ETEC serotype O128:H45 isolates from diarrheal neonates in our neonatal unit from July through October 2012. These infants developed hospital-acquired and epidemiologically related diarrhea.

[Clinical features and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children].

Objective: To study the clinical and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in children.

Method: A total of 37 MRSA strains were isolated from hospitalized patients in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from March 2009 to November 2011. The clinical characteristics were investigated by a cohort study.

An apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide with activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory effects.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptides derived from the low-density lipoprotein receptor-binding region of apoE with both activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory effects have not previously been reported. We identified an apoE mimetic peptide analogue of the receptor-binding region of apoE (abbreviated as apoE23) with the sequence of LRKLRKRLVRLASHLRKLRKRLL, which exhibited high antibacterial effects. The minimal inhibitory concentration of apoE23 against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was 6 µg/ml.

Elevated serum ApoE levels are associated with bacterial infections in pediatric patients.

Background/purpose(s): We aimed to determine the variations in serum apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in pediatric patients with a variety of infectious diseases, and to investigate the potential mechanism of elevated ApoE serum levels during infection.

Methods: A total of 279 pediatric patients with a variety of infections and 58 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Serum ApoE levels were detected using an immunoturbidimetric assay.