Sensitivity determination and resistance mechanism of Sclerotium rolfsii to difenoconazole.

Background: Peanut stem rot, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, has become increasingly prevalent in China, leading to significant yield losses in peanut production. To effectively manage peanut stem rot, we assessed the potential application of difenoconazole against peanut stem rot.

Results: Difenoconazole has a good inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S.

Inhibitory activity and antioomycete mechanism of citral against Phytophthora capsici.

The natural terpenoid citral has antifungal activity against multiple fungi, but its bioactivity against oomycetes is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the antioomycete activity and mechanism of citral against Phytophthora capsici, a highly destructive invasive oomycete. Results showed that citral not only had a great inhibition on the mycelial growth of P.

Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Physcion against , the Causal Agent of Peanut Southern Blight.

Peanut southern blight, caused by the soil-borne pathogen , is a widespread and devastating epidemic. Frequently, it is laborious to effectively control by labor-intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals due to untimely find. In the present study, seed treatment with physcion (PHY) at doses of 0.

Resistance risk assessment for benzovindiflupyr in Sclerotium rolfsii and transmission of resistance genes among population.

Background: Sclerotium rolfsii is a destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen which is distributed worldwide. In previous study, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr has been identified for its great antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. This study is aimed to investigate the resistance risk and mechanism of benzovindiflupyr in Sclerotium rolfsii.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis of in .

The homeotic gene () has been identified as playing a pivotal role in the morphogenesis of the thorax and wings across various insect species. Leveraging insights from previous studies, the functional characterization of in was undertaken using RT-qPCR and the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that shares a high degree of sequence homology among Lepidoptera species.

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR Analysis in .

Reference genes are important for the accuracy of gene expression profiles using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). However, there are no available reference genes reported for ; it actually has a pretty diverse and wide host range. In this study, seven candidate reference genes (, , , , , and ) were validated for their expression stability in under conditions of different developmental stages, populations, fungicide treatments, photoperiods and pHs.

Antifungal activity of Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil and its active composition butylidenephthalide against Sclerotium rolfsii.

Background: Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an epidemic disastrous soil-borne disease. Recently, natural products tend to be safe alternative antifungal agents to combat pathogens.

Results: This work determined the preliminary antifungal activity of 29 essential oils against S.

Residue behavior and efficacy of benzothiazole in grains under different fumigation conditions.

Background: Benzothiazole is a potential grain fumigant for Tribolium castaneum. However, its safety profile and suitable fumigation conditions remain unknown. We therefore investigated the insecticidal efficacy, accumulation and dissipation of benzothiazole in grains (wheat, corn and rice) under different temperatures.

Bioactivity of the DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight.

Background: Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight, has become increasingly prevalent and harmful in China, causing serious economic losses to the peanut industry. To effectively manage peanut southern blight, this study evaluated the bioactivity of the new-generation sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide mefentrifluconazole against peanut S. rolfsii.

Bioactivity and Control Efficacy of Benzovindiflupyr Against in China.

is a devastating soilborne pathogen that causes stem rot of peanut and severely restricts peanut production. The new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr has been registered in the United States and Brazil for managing multiple plant diseases. However, it is not registered in China to control peanut stem rot.

iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of 1,6-O,O-diacetylbritannilactone on the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora capsici.

Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive oomycete of vegetables; its management is challenging due to its broad host range, rapid dispersion, resilient spores and severe fungicide resistance. Identifying an effective alternative fungicide is important for the control of P. capsici.

Baseline sensitivity and bioactivity of tetramycin against Sclerotium rolfsii isolates in Huanghuai peanut-growing region of China.

Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a serious soil-borne disease and poses a threat to the peanut production. The antibiotic fungicide tetramycin has a broad antifungal spectrum against multiple pathogens and possess low environmental risks. In current study, a total of 250 isolates collected from Huanghuai peanut-growing region of China (Henan, Shandong and Hebei Province) were used to establish the baseline sensitivity of S.

Residual behavior of the potential grain fumigant 1-octen-3-ol in wheat during fumigation and ventilation processes.

Background: Our previous works indicated that 1-octen-3-ol has promising potential as an alternative grain fumigant. However, aside from its insecticidal efficacy, the presence of 1-octen-3-ol residues in grains must be investigated to assess its food safety profile.

Results: A convenient and sensitive QuEChERS based GC-MS/MS method was developed to detect residues of 1-octen-3-ol in wheat.

Biological Activity of trans-2-Hexenal Against the Storage Insect Pest Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Mycotoxigenic Storage Fungi.

Grain commodities in postharvest storage often deteriorate because of fungal and insect attacks. With the green consumption requirements of consumers, ecofriendly and safe pesticides are needed for grain storage. The current study investigated the efficacy of the plant volatile compound trans-2-hexenal against the storage insect pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and three commonly occurring storage fungi, viz.

Toxicological effects of the fungal volatile compound 1-octen-3-ol against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is an important pest of stored grain, and benzoquinones secreted by this pest are harmful to humans. T. castaneum has developed strong resistance to fumigants, and an ecofriendly alternative for managing T.

Comparative Analysis of in Response to the Microbial Secondary Metabolite Benzothiazole Using iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics.

Benzothiazole is a microbial volatile compound with strong antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus , but its mode of action against fungi remains largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity could aid the design and synthesis of similar compounds against pathogenic fungi. Based on the results of morphological and antifungal activity assays, was exposed to 2.

Development of Boscalid Resistance in and an Efficient Strategy for Resistance Management.

Among succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, only boscalid has been registered in China for controlling gray mold. In Shandong Province of China, it has been more than a decade since the first use of boscalid to control gray mold. In the current study, we monitored the resistance development process of to boscalid, identified the mutation types that occurred in boscalid-resistant isolates, and proposed an original application technique to delay resistance development.

Comparison of Transcriptome Profiles of the Fungus and Insect Pest in Response to Benzothiazole.

Benzothiazole (BT) has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and development of a wide spectrum of fungi and insects, such as and , that cause serious losses in agriculture. To investigate the underlying antifungal and insecticidal mechanisms of BT, RNA-seq analysis was performed for after BT treatment for 12, 24, and 48 h and for after BT treatment for 6 and 24 h. In , the pectin degradation process was inhibited, suggesting a low utilization of carbohydrate sources.

Activity of the Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Pydiflumetofen Against SDHI-Sensitive and SDHI-Resistant Isolates of and Efficacy Against Gray Mold.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently the most frequently used fungicides for controlling gray mold. However, isolates of resistant to SDHI fungicides have emerged in the field. Pydiflumetofen is a new SDHI fungicide that can control a variety of fungal diseases, but its efficacy against gray mold and whether the activity of pydiflumetofen is affected by the current SDHI-resistant isolates is currently unknown.

Evolution of the Resistance of to Carbendazim and the Current Efficacy of Carbendazim Against Gray Mold After Long-Term Discontinuation.

Gray mold caused by is a fungal disease that critically threatens agricultural production, and carbendazim was the first fungicide used to control . However, developed serious resistance to carbendazim, and this fungicide has thus rarely been used in the past decade in China. Due to the extended discontinuation of carbendazim use, the evolution of the resistance of to carbendazim in recent years is unclear, and whether carbendazim can effectively control gray mold is largely unknown.

Effects of benzothiazole on survival for reduced reproduction and development in Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is an important stored-product pest that is distributed worldwide and has developed resistance to many insecticides. Identifying novel and effective alternative insecticides is important for the control of T. castaneum.

Evaluation of the efficacy of benzothiazole against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

Background: In the context of the resistance development and health risks of currently used fumigants, it is urgent to seek more effective and ecofriendly compounds for stored-product pest control. The microbial volatile compound benzothiazole is known to have fungicidal and insecticidal activity; however, its detailed efficacy on storage pests is largely unknown.

Results: Benzothiazole was identified for its great ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activity against Tribolium castaneum, and exhibited potent repellency against T.

Baseline Sensitivity and Control Efficacy of Tetramycin Against Phytophthora capsici Isolates in China.

Tetramycin is a new biopesticide that combines high-level and broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, low toxicity, and environmental safety. In this study, 90 Phytophthora capsici isolates obtained from various regions in southern China were characterized for their baseline sensitivity to tetramycin. The protective and curative activities of tetramycin against P.

Detection and Characterization of QoI-Resistant Phytophthora capsici Causing Pepper Phytophthora Blight in China.

Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive plant pathogen that has spread worldwide. To date, the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) azoxystrobin has been the choice of farmers for managing this oomycete. In this study, the sensitivity of 90 P.

High-Efficiency Control of Gray Mold by the Novel SDHI Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Combined with a Reasonable Application Approach of Dipping Flower.

In this study, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide benzovindiflupyr was found to have strong inhibitory activity against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The sensitivity of B. cinerea to benzovindiflupyr was determined by testing 103 pathogen isolates with mean values of 2.