scRNA-Seq reveals age-dependent microglial evolution as a determinant of immune response following spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to severe impairments in sensory and motor functions. Previous studies have pointed out that patient age is a critical factor influencing SCI prognosis. However, the role of microglia in age-related differences in SCI outcomes remains unclear.

Efficacy and Safety of Phaco-Goniosynechialysis in Advanced Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma With Severe Visual Field Loss.

Prcis: Phacoemulsification with goniosynechialysis (phaco-GSL) demonstrates promise in safely and efficiently managing advanced primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) cases with tunnel vision or limited temporal visual field. However, caution is advised for patients with only one functioning eye or high visual expectations.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of phaco-GSL in patients with end-stage PACG exhibiting tubular vision or temporal field island.

Expression analysis, clinical significance and potential function of PLXNB2 in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Background: The overall survival (OS) rate of adult patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory at less than 40%. Current risk stratification systems fail to provide accurate guidelines for precise treatment. Novel biomarkers for predicting prognosis are urgently needed.

Efficacy and safety of an HDACi- and HMA-based protocol in adults with acute myeloid leukemia of intermediate- and adverse-risk categories: a retrospective study.

Objective: Anthracyclines and cytarabine have comprised standard induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for decades. Low overall survival of AML is due to non-remission or relapse after remission. Hypomethylating agent (HMA) decitabine combined with low-dose chemotherapy or other targeted agents has shown promising effect for AML in clinical trials, especially in (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia.

Exosomal MiR-4261 mediates calcium overload in RBCs by downregulating the expression of ATP2B4 in multiple myeloma.

Background: Hypercalcemia induced by multiple myeloma (MM) affects the biological functions of excitable and non-excitable cells. However, red blood cells (RBCs) regulatory effect on calcium in hypercalcemia is still not fully understood.

Methods: A total of 113 patients with MM osteolytic lesions were studied retrospectively.

Optic nerve head astrocytes contribute to vascular associated effects.

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to test the expression of vasoactive substances within rat lamina cribrosa (LC) and optic nerve head (ONH) astrocytes, so as to investigate the role and potential mechanism of ONH astrocytes in vascular associated effects.

Methods: LC tissue sections and primary cultured ONH astrocytes were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Immunofluorescent staining was then used to detect the expression of vasoactive substances.

Novel Prognostic Signatures of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Metabolic Pathway Phenotypes.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a disastrous cancer with an aberrant metabolism. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of metabolism in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten metabolism-related pathways were identified to classify the hepatocellular carcinoma into two clusters: Metabolism_H and Metabolism_L.

Oleanolic acid-loaded nanoparticles attenuate activation of hepatic stellate cells via suppressing TGF-β1 and oxidative stress in PM2.5-exposed hepatocytes.

Liver fibrosis has the potential to progress into liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and even death. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation play a central role in liver fibrosis, and persistently damaged hepatocytes secrete soluble factors that activate transdifferentiation of HSCs into myofibroblasts. Our previous studies indicated that fine particulate matter (PM2.

Development and validation of a ferroptosis-related model for three digestive tract tumors based on a pan-cancer analysis.

To develop a ferroptosis gene-based survival-predictor model for predicting the prognosis of patients with digestive tract tumors, a pan-caner analysis was performed. Based on unsupervised clustering and the expression levels of ferroptosis genes, patients with cancer were divided into two clusters. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method Cox regression analysis was used to establish the survival-predictor model.

PM2.5-exposed hepatocytes induce hepatic stellate cells activation by releasing TGF-β1.

The interaction between various types of hepatic cells is related to liver fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrated that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is an important risk factor for the occurrence of liver fibrosis, but its molecular mechanism is still obscure.

A circular RNA derived from PLXNB2 as a valuable predictor of the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Background: As a common haematological malignancy, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), particularly with extramedullary infiltration (EMI), often results in a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate biological and pathogenic processes, suggesting a potential role in AML. We have previously described the overall alterations in circRNAs and their regulatory networks between patients with AML presenting with and without EMI.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by MYCN/DKK3 in B-ALL.

Our previous studies revealed that MYCN downregulates the expression of DKK3, activates the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway at the transcriptional level, and thereby promotes the development of B cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (B-ALL) but does not affect the methylation of the DKK3 promoter. Some studies have shown that MYCN is associated with histone acetylation. We speculate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by inhibiting MYCN and increasing the expression of DKK3.

Evaluation of a rabbit model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration after fixation and fusion and maintenance in an upright feeding cage.

To establish an animal model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration by performing spinal fixation and fusion after percutaneous needle puncture and removal of the intervertebral disc or percutaneous needling of the vertebral body without removal of the intervertebral disc.  We established a model of adjacent intervertebral disc degeneration after spinal fixation and fusion of rabbits maintained in upright feeding cages. Twenty-five healthy New Zealand rabbits were used.

A Pilot Clinical Study of Intravitreal Injection of Artesunate for Ocular Neovascularization.

To evaluate the efficacy and primary safety of treatment with artesunate in reducing ocular neovascularization in humans. Five patients with corneal, iris, and retinal neovascularization and no light perception were treated with intravitreal injections of artesunate 80 μg. Visual acuity, anterior segment photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate efficacy, while intraocular pressure (IOP) and lens opacity degree were employed to evaluate safety.

Circular RNA regulatory network reveals cell-cell crosstalk in acute myeloid leukemia extramedullary infiltration.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia can develop as myoblasts infiltrate into organs and tissues anywhere other than the bone marrow, which called extramedullary infiltration (EMI), indicating a poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs that feature covalently closed continuous loops, suggesting their potential as micro RNA (miRNA) "sponges" that can participate in biological processes and pathogenesis. However, investigations on circRNAs in EMI were conducted rarely.

MYCN is a novel oncogenic target in adult B-ALL that activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing DKK3.

Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is frequently down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation and is closely associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Our previous studies have shown that miR-708 down-regulates DKK3 at the post-transcriptional level in B-ALL. However, whether transcriptional mechanisms lead to DKK3 silencing remains unclear.

Shifts in renin-angiotensin system components, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress-related protein expression in the lamina cribrosa region of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyse shifts in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress-related protein expression in the lamina cribrosa (LC) region in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Methods: Six months after diabetes induction, the retinal vessels of male C57BL/6 J mice were observed by colour photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and immunofluorescent staining following incubation with CD31. Immunofluorescence for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),and NG2 was also performed.

Suppression of miR-708 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by activating DKK3 in adult B-all.

Inactivation of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is closely associated with a poor prognosis in various solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. Promoter hypermethylation is one potential cause of DKK3 inactivation. However, whether other mechanisms lead to DKK3 inactivation and the subsequent effects of these inactivations on cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway in adult B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remain unclear.

Small Molecular-Sized Artesunate Attenuates Ocular Neovascularization via VEGFR2, PKCα, and PDGFR Targets.

Ocular neovascularization (NV) is the primary cause of blindness in many ocular diseases. Large molecular weight anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein drugs, such as Avastin and Lucentis, have saved the vision of millions. However, approximately 20-30% of patients respond poorly to anti-VEGF treatment.

Shifts in retinal vessel diameter and oxygen saturation in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the shifts in retinal vessel diameter and oxygen saturation in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as to assess the association between diabetes duration and either vessel diameter or oxygen saturation.

Methods: In total, 99 Type 2 DM patients were recruited for the study and were divided into three groups: DM with non-obvious retinopathy (DM, n = 29), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, n = 40), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, n = 30). In addition, 78 age-matched healthy individuals were chosen as the control.

Study of retinal vessel oxygen saturation in ischemic and non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion.

Aim: To explore how oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels is altered in ischemic and non-ischemic branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods: Fifty BRVO eyes were divided into ischemic (n=26) and non-ischemic (n=24) groups, based on fundus fluorescein angiography. Healthy individuals (n=52 and n=48, respectively) were also recruited as controls for the two groups.

Neuroprotective effects and impact on caspase-12 expression of tauroursodeoxycholic acid after acute spinal cord injury in rats.

Objective: To observe the effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on nerve function after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats, observe its effect on neuronal apoptosis and caspase-12 expression levels, and investigate the underlying mechanism.

Methods: We used a modified Allen's weight-drop trauma method to establish a rat acute SCI model. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (sham surgery group), group B (DMSO control group) and group C (TUDCA treatment group), with 36 rats in each group.

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in high myopia.

Purpose: To investigate changes in retinal vessel oxygen saturation and diameter in high myopia.

Methods: Relative oxygen saturation was measured in the retinal blood vessels of 54 participants with high myopia and compared to a control group of 54 individuals with emmetropia with the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter. The participants with high myopia were further divided into two groups according to the grade of myopic retinopathy: Group A (grade < M2 ) and Group B (grade ≥ M2 ).

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in retinitis pigmentosa at various ages.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether oxygen saturation and retinal blood vessel diameter are affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) at various ages.

Methods: Relative oxygen saturation was measured in retinal blood vessels in 68 RP patients and 136 normal subjects using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter. Subjects were divided into two age groups: Group A (20-40 years) and Group B (> 40 years).