Drug resistance in TKI therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and strategies.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are such as sorafenib the first-line therapeutic drugs for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, patients with TKI-resistant advanced liver cancer are insensitive to TKI treatment, resulting in limited survival benefits. This paper comprehensively reviewed the mechanisms underlying TKI resistance in hepatocytes, investigating activation of tumor signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation, tumor microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming.

Preoperative frailty in oesophageal cancer: postoperative outcomes and overall survival - meta-analysis and systematic review.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of preoperative frailty in patients with oesophageal cancer and its impact on postoperative outcomes and overall survival.

Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search of the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CINAHL databases was conducted for articles related to preoperative frailty in patients with oesophageal cancer. The search was carried out from the time of the construction of the database to 20 April 2024.

A novel small molecule ZYZ384 targeting SMYD3 for hepatocellular carcinoma via reducing H3K4 trimethylation of the Rac1 promoter.

SMYD3 (SET and MYND domain-containing 3) is a histone lysine methyltransferase highly expressed in different types of cancer(s) and is a promising epigenetic target for developing novel antitumor therapeutics. No selective inhibitors for this protein have been developed for cancer treatment. Therefore, the current study describes developing and characterizing a novel small molecule ZYZ384 screened and synthesized based on SMYD3 structure.

Immunogenic cell death-based cancer vaccines: promising prospect in cancer therapy.

Tumor immunotherapy is a promising approach for addressing the limitations of conventional tumor treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often have side effects and fail to prevent recurrence and metastasis. However, the effectiveness and sustainability of immune activation in tumor immunotherapy remain challenging. Tumor immunogenic cell death, characterized by the release of immunogenic substances, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor associated antigens, from dying tumor cells (DTCs), offers a potential solution.

Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors.

CircPTEN suppresses human clear cell renal carcinoma progression and resistance to mTOR inhibitors by targeting epigenetic modification.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be the most commonly diagnosed kidney cancer. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) represents approximately 85 % of diagnosed RCC cases. Targeted therapeutics, such as multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and mTOR inhibitors, are widely used in ccRCC therapy.

Antibacterial and anticancer activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using fruit extract.

We prepared (PG) aqueous fruit extract, utilized it to synthesize silver nanoparticles (PG-Ag NPs) and evaluated the antibacterial and anticancer activities of the nanoparticles (NPs). Silver nitrate aqueous solution was reduced to PG-Ag NPs using aqueous PG fruit extract. NP shape, size, composition and functionalization were determined using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction.

Physical therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: Research progress and clinical application.

Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most intractable complications of diabetes and is related to a number of risk factors. DFU therapy is difficult and involves long-term interdisciplinary collaboration, causing patients physical and emotional pain and increasing medical costs. With a rising number of diabetes patients, it is vital to figure out the causes and treatment techniques of DFU in a precise and complete manner, which will assist alleviate patients' suffering and decrease excessive medical expenditure.

Exosomes as drug delivery system in gastrointestinal cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common malignancies with relatively high morbidity and mortality. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from most cells and widely distributed in body fluids. They are natural endogenous nanocarriers with low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and natural targeting, and can transport lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA.

Metabolism heterogeneity in melanoma fuels deactivation of immunotherapy: Predict before protect.

Malignant melanoma is widely acknowledged as the most lethal skin malignancy. The metabolic reprogramming in melanoma leads to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), forming a hypoxic, glucose-deficient and acidic tumor microenvironment which inhibits the function of immune cells, resulting in a low response rate to immunotherapy. Therefore, improving the tumor microenvironment by regulating the metabolism can be used to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

N6-methyladenosine-modified circular RNA QSOX1 promotes colorectal cancer resistance to anti-CTLA-4 therapy through induction of intratumoral regulatory T cells.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common cancer worldwide. CircRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for CRC. T regulatory (Treg) cells express the immune checkpoint receptor of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and promote tumor immunological tolerance.

Gold nanoparticle-directed autophagy intervention for antitumor immunotherapy inhibiting tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the dominating constituents of tumor microenvironment, are important contributors to cancer progression and treatment resistance. Therefore, regulation of TAMs polarization from M2 phenotype towards M1 phenotype has emerged as a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we successfully initiated antitumor immunotherapy by inhibiting TAMs M2 polarization autophagy intervention with polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs).

Clinical significance and immunogenomic landscape analysis of glycolysis-associated prognostic model to guide clinical therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate worldwide. Glucose metabolism disorder is one of the most important characteristics of HCC. However, as the primary risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients are unclear, the survival prognosis and therapy response of patients cannot be accurately predicted.

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies detection using a patch sensor containing porous microneedles and a paper-based immunoassay.

Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China in 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 can spread quickly from person to person.

The improvement of biocompatibility by incorporating porphyrins into carbon dots with photodynamic effects and pH sensitivities.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment for cancer; however, the hydrophobic interactions and poor solubility in water of photosensitizers limit the use in clinic. Nanoparticles especially carbon dots have attracted the attention of the worlds scientists because of their unique properties such as good solubility and biocompatibility. In this paper, we integrated carbon dots with different porphyrins to improve the properties of porphyrins and evaluated their efficacy as PDT drugs.

Schisandrin B regulates macrophage polarization and alleviates liver fibrosis via activation of PPARγ.

Background: Schisandrin B (Sch B), the main ingredient of , displays many bioactivities. This study aimed to identify the drug target of Sch B against liver fibrosis and describe the related molecular mechanisms.

Methods: The effects of Sch B on liver fibrosis and macrophage polarization was investigated and .

Research Progress on the Antiosteoarthritic Mechanism of Action of Natural Products.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a clinical joint degenerative disease, the pathogenic factors of which include age, obesity, and mechanical injury. Its main pathological features include cartilage loss, narrowing of joint space, and osteophyte formation. At present, there are a variety of treatment methods for OA.

Incorporation of green emission polymer dots into pyropheophorbide-α enhance the PDT effect and biocompatibility.

Background: A green emission up-conversion carbon-based polymer dots (CPDs) owned excellent photophysical properties and good solubility. Most photosensitizers (PS) are hydrophobic which limits their application in biomedicine. Herein we synthesized and integrated green emitting CPDs into pyropheophorbide-α (PPa) to improve the overall properties of the PS.

Recent advances in porous microneedles: materials, fabrication, and transdermal applications.

In the past two decades, microneedles (MNs), as a painless and simple drug delivery system, have received increasing attention for various biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, and biosensing. Among the various types of MNs, porous MNs have been recently researched owing to their distinctive and unique characteristics, where porous structures inside MNs with continuous nano- or micro-sized pores can transport drugs or biofluids by capillary action. In addition, a wide range of materials, including non-polymers and polymers, were researched and used to form the porous structures of porous MNs.

Clinical applicability of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in cancer treatment.

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates physiological functions of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and other tissues. Various and studies have shown that RAS plays a pivotal role in the development of malignant tumors, while several retrospective studies have confirmed that patients undergoing long-term RAS inhibitors (RASi) treatment have a lowered risk of cancer. Moreover, blocking RAS has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various experimental models of malignant tumors.

Wuzhi capsule (Schisandra Sphenanthera extract) attenuates liver steatosis and inflammation during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development.

Objective: Wuzhi (WZ) capsule contains an ethanol extract of Schisandra sphenanthera. The efficacy of WZ in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not yet been elucidated. The present study assessed the effects of WZ on NAFLD.

MicroRNA-500a Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Post-Transcriptionally Targeting BID.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignant diseases in the world, and the mechanisms underlying HCC carcinogenesis and progression need further investigation. MicroRNAs play important roles in the development of cancer, and miR-500a is suggested to be deregulated in some types of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-500a in HCC remain unknown.

Inhibition of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization by Hematoporphyrin Dimethylether-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Rats.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of hematoporphyrin dimethylether (HDME)-mediated photodynamic therapy for laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adult Brown Norway rats. HDME was administered via tail vein at 14 d after the laser photocoagulation, and the rats received irradiance with a laser light at 570 nm at 15 min after injection. CNV was evaluated by fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and hematoxylin and eosin staining.