High Biofilm-Forming Ability and Clonal Dissemination among Colistin-Resistant Isolates Recovered from Cows with Mastitis, Diarrheic Calves, and Chickens with Colibacillosis in Tunisia.

Background: () is one of the main etiological agents responsible for bovine mastitis (BM), neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), and avian colibacillosis (AC). This study aimed to assess resistance and virulence genes content, biofilm-forming ability, phylogenetic groups, and genetic relatedness in isolates recovered from clinical cases of BM, NCD, and AC.

Materials/methods: A total of 120 samples including samples of milk ( = 70) and feces ( = 50) from cows with BM and calves with NCD, respectively, were collected from different farms in Northern Tunisia.

Frequent dissemination and carriage of an SCCmec-mecC hybrid in methicillin-resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri in farm animals from Tunisia.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess the extent of dissemination of methicillin-resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri in animal farms in Tunisia and evaluate the distribution of virulence and methicillin resistance genes in the M. sciuri population.

Methods: Staphylococci and mammaliicocci isolated from unhealthy animals and healthy humans from adjacent farms in Tunisia were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, agglutination, and hemolysis abilities.

Current Insights Regarding the Role of Farm Animals in the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global threat to both human and animal health and has received increasing attention over the years from different stakeholders. Certain AMR bacteria circulate between humans, animals, and the environment, while AMR genes can be found in all ecosystems. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of antimicrobial use in food-producing animals and to document the current status of the role of farm animals in the spread of AMR to humans.

The effects of the esterified Quercetin with omega3 and omega6 fatty acids on viability, nanomechanical properties, and BAX/BCL-2 gene expression in MCF-7 cells.

Quercetin is one of the major flavonoids and it appears to have cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells through regulating the apoptosis pathway genes such as BAX and BCL2. Combination of Quercetin (Q) with other compounds can increase its effectiveness. In the present study, the effects of the Quercetin and its esterified derivatives on viability, nanomechanical properties of cells, and BAX/BCL-2 gene expression were investigated.

Physical assessment in pharmacy practice: Perspectives from pharmacists, nonpharmacist health care providers and the public.

Background: Physical assessment in pharmacy practice is not a new concept, yet the idea is still unfamiliar to many people. Canadian pharmacy graduates are expected to be trained in physical examination as it relates to drug therapy. However, standard delivery of course content in this area has not been clearly established, and previous publications have reported low uptake of this practice despite formal training.

Co-occurrence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance and β-lactamase-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis in Tunisia.

Objectives: Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is considered a major hindrance in poultry farming worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the genetic content and the relatedness between multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from broiler chickens died due to colibacillosis from three farms from Tunisia.

Prevalence of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci with the first detection of the mecC gene among cows, humans and manure in Tunisia.

In Europe, a novel mecA homologue - mecC (formerly mecA) - has emerged recently in staphylococci from animals, humans and the environment. This paper reports the first occurrence of the mecC gene in Staphylococcus sciuri from cows and manure in Tunisia and Africa. Forty-nine coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis (n=20), manure (n=20) and human nares (n=9), including 16 Staphylococcus equoruim (32.

Genome analysis provides insights into crude oil degradation and biosurfactant production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas desertis G11 isolated from Chott El-Djerid salt-lake in Tunisian desert.

Here, we report the genomic features and the bioremediation potential of Halomonas desertis G11, a new halophilic species which uses crude oil as a carbon and energy source and displays intrinsic resistance to salt stress conditions (optimum growth at 10% NaCl). G11 genome (3.96 Mb) had a mean GC content of 57.

Isolation and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from pharmaceutical industrial wastewaters.

Contamination of surface waters in underdeveloped countries is a great concern. Treated and untreated wastewaters have been discharged into rivers and streams, leading to possible waterborne infection outbreaks which may represent a significant dissemination mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic bacterial populations. The present study aims to determine the multi-drug resistance patterns among isolated and identified bacterial strains in a pharmaceutical wastewater effluent in north Tunisia.

Characterization of Pc promoter variants of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry meat.

Integrons are important genetic elements implicated in acquisition and expression of antimicrobial resistance genes. Gene cassettes of class 1 integrons may be differently expressed depending on the Pc promoter variant. Thirty-four Escherichia coli isolates (carrying 38 class 1 integrons), recovered from poultry meat in previous studies in Tunisia and selected by their specific traits, were further characterized in this study.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica recovered from poultry meat in Tunisia and identification of new genetic traits.

Thirty-seven Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry meat in Tunisia were included in this study for characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. High percentages of resistance were detected to ampicillin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and streptomycin (32.4%-89.

Escherichia coli of poultry food origin as reservoir of sulphonamide resistance genes and integrons.

The antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype, the flanking regions of sulphonamide resistance genes and the integrons were analyzed in 166 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from poultry meat in Tunisia. High percentages of resistance were detected to ampicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, sulphonamide and tetracycline (66-95%), and lower percentages to gentamicin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefoxitin (1-4%). The bla(TEM), tet(A)/tet(B), aph(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-II and cmlA genes were identified in 92, 82, 29, 2, 2 and 7 isolates, respectively.

Prevalence and diversity of integrons and associated resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia.

Fifty-five Escherichia coli isolates were acquired from chicken and turkey meat obtained from two slaughterhouses in Tunis. Eighty-nine percent, 80%, 78%, 67%, 45%, 27%, 7%, 4%, and 2% of these isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistine, and gentamicin, respectively. No resistance was detected to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, or amikacin.