Effect of Nasal Inhalation on Drug Particle Deposition and Size Distribution in the Upper Airway: With Soft Mist Inhalers.

Delivery of drugs to the lungs is commonly achieved using nasal and/or oral breathing-assisted techniques. The route of inhalation can substantially change the fate of inhaled droplets. The Respimat® Soft Mist™ Inhaler (SMI) is a commercially available efficient inhaler with 40-60% effectiveness.

The impact of actuator nozzle and surroundings condition on drug delivery using pressurized-metered dose inhalers.

The most commonly used method to deliver aerosolized drugs to the lung is with pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). The spray actuator is a critical component of pMDI, since it controls the atomization process by forming aerosol plumes and determining droplet size distribution. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, this study investigated the effect of two different nozzle types (single conventional and twin nozzles) on drug deposition in the mouth-throat (MT) region.

Evaluation of Soft Mist Inhaler Aerosol Velocity, Size, and Deposition Inside the Mouth-A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study.

Respiratory diseases debilitate more than 250 million people around the world. Among available inhalation devices, the soft mist inhaler (SMI) is the most efficient at delivering drugs to ease respiratory disease symptoms. In this study, we analyzed the SMI performance in terms of the aerosol's velocity profiles, flow pattern, size distribution, and deposition by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.

Biological Effects of Gyrophoric Acid and Other Lichen Derived Metabolites, on Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Cell Signaling pathways.

Secondary metabolites from fungi, algae and lichens have remarkable biological activities as antibiotics, fungicides, antiviral drugs, and cancer therapeutics. This review focuses on the lichen-derived metabolite gyrophoric acid and other select secondary metabolites (e.g.

Hardwood Kraft Lignin-Based Hydrogels: Production and Performance.

In this study, hydrogels were synthesized through the radical polymerization of hardwood kraft lignin, -isopropylacrylamide, and ,'-methylenebisacrylamide. Statistical analyses were employed to produce lignin-based hydrogels with the highest yield and swelling capacity. The success of the polymerization reactions was confirmed by NMR and Fourier infrared spectroscopy.