Hyperoxia-induced preconditioning against renal ischemic injury is mediated by reactive oxygen species but not related to heat shock proteins 70 and 32.

Objective: Pre-exposure of rats to normobaric hyperoxia (O2 ≥ 95%) may induce late preconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In this study we investigated probable mechanisms of IR injury such as the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), renal antioxidant agents, and heat shock proteins (HSP) 32 and 70 during delayed hyperoxia-preconditioning (HO).

Methods: Fifty-two rats were divided into 7 groups: (A) IR, (B) HO + IR, (C) mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG) + HO + IR, (D) MPG + IR, (E) HO + sham, (F) MPG + sham, and (G) sham.

Assessing the relationship of paraoxonase-1 Q192R polymorphisms and the severity of lung disease in SM-exposed patients.

Late respiratory complications in patients suffering from pulmonary lesions due to sulfur mustard (SM) gas are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis. Recently PON1 antioxidant activity draws attention as the enzyme which prevents the oxidation of lipoproteins during oxidative stress. In this study we aimed to investigate PON1 192 polymorphisms and paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in the serum of SM-exposed lung disease patients.

Reduction of metabolic and behavioral signs of acute stress in male Wistar rats by saffron water extract and its constituent safranal.

Context: Saffron extract can inhibit the metabolic disorders induced by stress but the mechanism of action of saffron extract in the central nervous system is not clear.

Objective: The present research investigated the effects of saffron water extract and its constituent, safranal on the behavioral and metabolic signs induced by electroshock stress in male Wistar rats (W: 250-300 g).

Materials And Methods: Dried saffron material and maceration method was used for extraction.

Saffron (Crocus sativus) aqueous extract and its constituent crocin reduces stress-induced anorexia in mice.

In the present study, the effects of an ethanol and aqueous extract of saffron Crocus sativus and its constituents safranal and crocin on the stress-induced reduction in food intake, weight gain and anorexic time in mice were investigated. Male albino mice (20-25 g) were irregularly exposed to a trial of electroshock stress for 7 days. Then, the anorexic time as well as the animal's food intake and weight were recorded.

Milled Stress Reduces Morphine-Induced Locomotion in F2 NMRI Mice.

Unlabelled: In the present study, the effects of pregnant NMRI mice restraint stress on the responsibility of their children to the behavioral properties of morphine, sulpiride and dextromethorphan were investigated in the F2 generation.

Twenty Four Pregnant Nmri Female Mice (w: 25 g) were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 12/group). Animals in the experimental group were kept in the restraint cylinder (ID = 6 cm, L = 20 cm) for 60 min/day for 15 consecutive days, while the control group did not receive stress.

Pretreatment with hyperoxia reduces in vivo infarct size and cell death by apoptosis with an early and delayed phase of protection.

Objective: Exposure to normobaric hyperoxia protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury ex vivo. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the early and late phase of hyperoxia on in vivo myocardial infarction and apoptosis.

Methods: Rats were exposed to room air preoxygenation (O(2)≥ 95%) followed by regional ischemia (30 min) and 0, 90, 180, and 360 min of reperfusion.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteomic patterns of sulfur mustard-exposed patients.

Sulfur mustard is an alkylating agent that reacts with ocular, respiratory, cutaneous, and bone marrow tissues. Main late respiratory complications are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, asthma, and bronchiolitis obliterans. The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of control healthy and sulfur mustard-exposed lung disease patients.

Protective effects of mecamylamine and atropine against α(4)β(2) nicotinic receptor expression and functional toxicity in paraoxon-treated rats.

Chronic and acute exposure to organophosphate pesticides or related nerve agents may lead to persistent neurological and neurobehavioral effects, which cannot be explained by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition alone. In the present study, the effects of mecamylamine (2mg/kg), or atropine (10mg/kg) alone, or in combination, on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) subunits, functional signs of toxicity and lethality in paraoxon-treated rats were investigated. Surviving animals were sacrificed after 48h of paraoxon administration.

Evaluation of nicotinic receptors agonists and antagonists against paraoxon exposed PC12 cells.

Chronic and acute exposure to organophosphate pesticides may lead to persistent neurological and neurobehavioral effects, which cannot be explained by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition alone. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which paraoxon affects the nicotinic receptors gene expression, the effects of exposure of PC12 cells to 100μM concentrations of paraoxon for 48h in the presence and the absence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) agonists and antagonists were characterized. Paraoxon at 100μM significantly inhibited AChE activity.

Changes in mRNA and protein levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Diazoxon exposed pC12 cells.

Effects of diazoxon on the gene and protein expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) were evaluated in PC12 cells. Cells were exposed to 100 microM diazoxon for 48 h in the presence versus absence of nAChR agonists or antagonists. Diazoxon significantly inhibited AChE activity in the cells.

Simple procedures for purification and stabilization of human serum paraoxonase-1.

Human paraoxonases-1 is one of the most important detoxifying enzymes. In this study using simple chromatographic procedures human paraoxonases-1 was purified from human pooled plasma. The enzyme was purified using DEAE Sephadex an anion exchanger and G-200 a gel filtration chromatographic media.