Climate change and marine cargo insurance - A global survey of insurers' perceptions.

The increasing frequency of climate-related hazards poses a significant risk to supply chains and marine insurance companies, which are already grappling with complex and interdependent global operations. Through a survey, this research examines the perceptions of an international cohort of marine insurers regarding their organization's participation in the Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) framework for climate change. In addition, the influence of respondents' experience levels and the World Bank's country classifications by income level are investigated.

Energy and emissions: Comparing short and long fruit cold chains.

This paper evaluates GHG emissions and energy usage in "short" and "long" cold chains for oranges, table grapes, and apples transported from South Africa to a retail store in Scotland. Novel formulae assess energy usage and emissions based on cold chain duration. "Short" chains show carbon footprints between 0.

A comparison of different technologies to improve temperature control in refrigerated containers: A table grape export case.

Purpose: Table grapes are exported in refrigerated (reefer) containers owing to their temperature sensitivity. Previous studies have found that insufficient airflow around pallets of fruit cause hotspots in reefer containers, which could negatively affect fruit quality. This study compared the efficacy of two technologies fitted inside reefer containers to improve airflow for table grape shipments.

Product visibility in the South African citrus cold chain: Examining the efficacy of temperature loggers.

Product visibility is a challenge for many fruit cold chains. Most challenges arise because of technological constraints, which lead to the inability to predict whether fruit temperatures are still within the stipulated requirements. To ensure that the intricately linked cold chain for citrus fruit is well coordinated and offers the visibility of fruit temperature, technologies such as temperature data loggers are used to record and communicate temperature measurements.