Active Bystander Training: Using Standardized Patient Methodology to Teach Residents to Navigate Microaggressions in Patient Encounters.

Introduction: Studies show that physicians and medical trainees who identify as underrepresented in medicine or as women experience higher rates of microaggressions during patient encounters. We designed, implemented, and evaluated an active bystander training workshop focused on mitigating microaggressions using standardized patient (SP) methodology.

Methods: Internal medicine faculty members and chief residents led the workshop.

HIV testing and access to HIV medical care among people who inject drugs and their intimate partners in Kazakhstan.

Background: Growing rates of HIV and high rates of injection drug use in Kazakhstan call for examining access to testing and treatment among people who inject drugs and their intimate partners.

Objectives: We examine how access to health and drug treatment services as well as risk environment factors are associated with ever being tested for HIV and ever receiving any general HIV medical care among 728 male and female intimate partners where at least one partner injects drugs.

Methods: Multivariate random effects logistic regression with random effects for couple were conducted to examine associations between access to health and drug treatment services, risk environment factors, and HIV testing and HIV medical care outcomes.

Rapid and efficient sonochemical formation of gold nanoparticles under ambient conditions using functional alkoxysilane.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly and efficiently formed under ambient conditions with a novel and highly-efficient sonochemical promoter. Despite of the presence of free oxygen, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) showed remarkable efficiency in promoting the reduction rate of Au (III) than that of conventional promoters (primary alcohols). This is likely attributed to the formation of a variety of radical scavengers, which are alcoholic products from sonochemical hydrolysis of the epoxide group and methoxysilane moieties of GPTMS under weakly acidic conditions.