Publications by authors named "Leila C Kahwati"
Article Synopsis
- Neural tube defects are prevalent birth defects in the US, prompting the need for research on preventive measures, particularly folic acid supplementation.
- A comprehensive review examined studies from 2015 to 2021, focusing on the benefits and risks of folic acid in preventing these defects, involving over a million participants.
- Findings indicated a significant reduction in the risk of neural tube defects with folic acid use before and during pregnancy, although this effectiveness was noted primarily in more recent years and requires careful interpretation of possible associated harms.
Importance: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can progress to active tuberculosis disease, causing morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To review the evidence on benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of LTBI in adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Data Sources: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through December 3, 2021; references; experts; literature surveillance through January 20, 2023.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to find effective ways to communicate qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) results in systematic reviews by understanding how end-users interpret these findings.
- - Researchers used interviews with 11 users followed by an experiment with 254 participants to evaluate comprehension of QCA results presented in text, table, and figure formats.
- - Results showed that while users appreciated QCA, complicated jargon posed challenges; presentation in figure format led to better subjective comprehension than tables or text, particularly for understanding specific QCA results.
We conducted a scoping systematic review with respect to how consumer engagement with interactive advertising is evaluated and if interactive features influence consumer recall, awareness, or comprehension of product claims and risk disclosures for informing regulatory science. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Business Source Corporate, and SCOPUS were searched for original research published from 1997 through February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke.
Objective: To review the evidence on screening for AF in adults without prior stroke to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through October 5, 2020; references, experts, and literature surveillance through October 31, 2021.
Background Context: Sacroiliac (SI) joint pain causes significant disability and impairment to quality of life (QOL). Minimally invasive SI joint fusion is increasingly used to relieve chronic SI joint pain among patients who do not respond to nonsurgical treatment.
Purpose: To systematically review the existing literature to assess the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive SI joint fusion.
Article Synopsis
- * The review examined randomized clinical trials regarding the effectiveness of screening for vitamin D deficiency and the effects of vitamin D treatment on various health issues.
- * Results from 46 studies indicated no significant benefits of screening or vitamin D treatment for overall mortality, fractures, diabetes, or cardiovascular events among community-dwelling adults.
Importance: Preterm delivery results in adverse outcomes; identifying and treating bacterial vaginosis may reduce its occurrence.
Objective: To update the evidence on screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through May 29, 2019; bibliographies from retrieved articles, experts, and surveillance of the literature through December 31, 2019.
Background: The Safety Program for Perinatal Care (SPPC) seeks to improve safety on labor and delivery (L&D) units through three mutually reinforcing components: (1) fostering a culture of teamwork and communication, (2) applying safety science principles to care processes; and (3) in situ simulation. The objective of this study was to describe the SPPC implementation experience and evaluate the short-term impact on unit patient safety culture, processes, and adverse events.
Methods: We supported SPPC implementation by L&D units with a program toolkit, trainings, and technical assistance.
Importance: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia and increases the risk of stroke.
Objective: To review the evidence on screening for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with electrocardiography (ECG) and stroke prevention treatment in asymptomatic adults 65 years or older to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through May 2017; references; experts; literature surveillance through June 6, 2018.
Importance: Osteoporotic fractures cause significant morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To update the evidence on screening and treatment to prevent osteoporotic fractures for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and trial registries (November 1, 2009, through October 1, 2016) and surveillance of the literature (through March 23, 2018); bibliographies from articles.
Importance: Osteoporotic fractures result in significant morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To update the evidence for benefits and harms of vitamin D, calcium, or combined supplementation for the primary prevention of fractures in community-dwelling adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through March 21, 2017; references; and experts.
Background: Some outcomes for children with mental health problems remain suboptimal because of poor access to care and the failure of systems and providers to adopt established quality improvement strategies and interventions with proven effectiveness. This review had three goals: (1) assess the effectiveness of quality improvement, implementation, and dissemination strategies intended to improve the mental health care of children and adolescents; (2) examine harms associated with these strategies; and (3) determine whether effectiveness or harms differ for subgroups based on system, organizational, practitioner, or patient characteristics.
Methods: Sources included MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, from database inception through February 17, 2017.
Background: Systematic reviews of complex interventions can vary widely in purpose, data availability and heterogeneity, and stakeholder expectations.
Rationale: This article addresses the uncertainty that systematic reviewers face in selecting methods for reviews of complex interventions. Specifically, it lays out parameters for systematic reviewers to consider when selecting analytic approaches that best answer the questions at hand and suggests analytic techniques that may be appropriate in different circumstances.
Importance: Five to ten percent of individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) progress to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Identifying and treating LTBI is a key component of the strategy for reducing the burden of TB disease.
Objective: To review the evidence about targeted screening and treatment for LTBI among adults in primary care settings to support the US Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 1996 recommendation.
Context: Sedentary time spent with screen media is associated with obesity among children and adults. Obesity has potentially serious health consequences, such as heart disease and diabetes. This Community Guide systematic review examined the effectiveness and economic efficiency of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing recreational (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Medication therapy management (MTM) services (also called clinical pharmacy services) aim to reduce medication-related problems and their downstream outcomes.
Objective: To assess the effect of MTM interventions among outpatients with chronic illnesses.
Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts through January 9, 2014.