A screening study on the fate of fullerenes (nC60 ) and their toxic implications in natural freshwaters.

Increasing usage of fullerenes (C60 ) increases their opportunities to be released into the environment. For risk assessment, it is important to understand the environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of C60 . In the present study, fullerene settling was measured during a 1-yr period with 4 different lake waters and an artificial freshwater, and Daphnia magna immobilization and fullerene accumulation was also measured in each of the lake waters.