Ammonium Chloride Ingestion Attenuates Exercise-Induced mRNA Levels in Human Muscle.

Minimizing the decrease in intracellular pH during high-intensity exercise training promotes greater improvements in mitochondrial respiration. This raises the intriguing hypothesis that pH may affect the exercise-induced transcription of genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Eight males performed 10x2-min cycle intervals at 80% VO2speak intensity on two occasions separated by ~2 weeks.

Multi-omic integrated networks connect DNA methylation and miRNA with skeletal muscle plasticity to chronic exercise in Type 2 diabetic obesity.

Epigenomic regulation of the transcriptome by DNA methylation and posttranscriptional gene silencing by miRNAs are potential environmental modulators of skeletal muscle plasticity to chronic exercise in healthy and diseased populations. We utilized transcriptome networks to connect exercise-induced differential methylation and miRNA with functional skeletal muscle plasticity. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis were collected from middle-aged Polynesian men and women with morbid obesity (44 kg/m(2) ± 10) and Type 2 diabetes before and following 16 wk of resistance (n = 9) or endurance training (n = 8).

Unaccustomed eccentric contractions impair plasma K+ regulation in the absence of changes in muscle Na+,K+-ATPase content.

The Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of skeletal muscle membrane Na+ and K+ gradients, excitability and fatigue during repeated intense contractions. Many studies have investigated the effects of acute concentric exercise on K+ regulation and skeletal muscle NKA, but almost nothing is known about the effects of repeated eccentric contractions. We therefore investigated the effects of unaccustomed maximal eccentric knee extensor contractions on K+ regulation during exercise, peak knee extensor muscle torque, and vastus lateralis muscle NKA content and 3-O-MFPase activity.

Exercise improves quality of life in indigenous Polynesian peoples with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity.

Background: To evaluate the differential effect of 2, group-based exercise modalities on quality of life (QoL) in indigenous Polynesian peoples with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and visceral obesity.

Methods: Participants were randomized to resistance training or aerobic training performed 3 times per for 16 weeks. The Short-Form 36 was administered at baseline and post intervention to assess 8 domains and physical and mental component scales (PCS and MCS) of QoL.

Exercise intervention in New Zealand Polynesian peoples with type 2 diabetes: Cultural considerations and clinical trial recommendations.

The Maori and Pacific Islands peoples of New Zealand suffer a greater burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated comorbidities than their European counterparts. Empirical evidence supports the clinical application of aerobic and resistance training for effective diabetes management and potential remission, but few studies have investigated the effectiveness of these interventions in specific ethnic cohorts. We recently conducted the first trial to investigate the effect of prescribed exercise training in Polynesian people with T2DM.

Mortality in dialysis patients may not be associated with ESA dose: a 2-year prospective observational study.

Background: Anaemia of chronic kidney disease increases the risk of death and adverse events, but can be managed using erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). However, recent evidence suggests that targeting a higher haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) increases mortality risk, and both higher [Hb] targets and ESA doses have been implicated. Nonetheless, a causative role has not been demonstrated, and this potential relationship requires further appraisal in such a complex patient group.

Impaired exercise performance and muscle Na(+),K(+)-pump activity in renal transplantation and haemodialysis patients.

Background: We examined whether abnormal skeletal muscle Na(+),K(+)-pumps underlie impaired exercise performance in haemodialysis patients (HDP) and whether these are improved in renal transplant recipients (RTx).

Methods: Peak oxygen consumption ( O(2peak)) and plasma [K(+)] were measured during incremental exercise in 9RTx, 10 HDP and 10 healthy controls (CON). Quadriceps peak torque (PT), fatigability (decline in strength during thirty contractions), thigh muscle cross-sectional area (TMCSA) and vastus lateralis Na(+),K(+)-pump maximal activity, content and isoform (α(1)-α(3), β(1)-β(3)) abundance were measured.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis--a complication of peritoneal dialysis.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis. It often presents with non-specific symptoms, leading to a delay in diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Here we report a case of EPS in a patient treated with peritoneal dialysis and discuss the risk factors, diagnostic challenges and treatment options available.

South Pacific Islanders resist type 2 diabetes: comparison of aerobic and resistance training.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two exercise modalities for improving glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and associated clinical outcomes in Polynesian adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity. Twenty-six adults were randomized to receive resistance training or aerobic training, 3×/week, for 16 weeks. Dependent variables collected before and after intervention included: diabetes markers including HbA1c, blood lipids, relevant cytokines (C-reactive protein, adiponectin), and anthropometric and hemodynamic indices.

Effects of endurance training on extrarenal potassium regulation and exercise performance in patients on haemodialysis.

Background: Haemodialysis patients (HDP) with anaemia display impaired plasma K(+) regulation during exercise and poor exercise performance. Epoetin treatment and exercise training improve exercise performance in HDP, but whether this is associated with improved K(+) regulation is unknown.

Methods: Six HDP with near-normal [Hb] were tested for aerobic power ( ) and plasma [K(+)] during incremental exercise; quadriceps muscle strength (peak torque, PT) from 0 to 360 degrees s(-1) and fatiguability (decline in strength during thirty contractions).

Exercise performance falls over time in patients with chronic kidney disease despite maintenance of hemoglobin concentration.

Physical function is limited in patients with kidney disease, although previous studies have been confounded by anemia. What is not clear is how physical performance changes over time as renal function deteriorates. A cohort of 12 patients (10 male, two female; mean +/- SD age 49 +/- 11 yr) who had stages 3 to 4 chronic kidney disease without previous anemia were examined, and nine were followed for a 2-yr period.

Calpain-3 is autolyzed and hence activated in human skeletal muscle 24 h following a single bout of eccentric exercise.

The function and normal regulation of calpain-3, a muscle-specific Ca(2+)-dependent protease, is uncertain, although its absence leads to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. This study examined the effect of eccentric exercise on calpain-3 autolytic activation, because such exercise is known to damage sarcomeric structures and to trigger adaptive changes that help prevent such damage on subsequent exercise. Six healthy human subjects performed a 30-min bout of one-legged, eccentric, knee extensor exercise.

Impact of statin treatment on 1-year functional and histologic renal allograft outcome.

Background: Statins are antilipidemic agents that exhibit a variety of cellular effects independent of their lipid-lowering action. A retrospective study was undertaken to establish the impact of statins on graft outcome in the first year posttransplantation.

Methods: Data from patients with uniform immunosuppression (cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone) who underwent transplantation at the authors' unit from 1997 to 2002 were reviewed.

Haemoglobin response to subcutaneous versus intravenous epoetin alfa administration in iron-replete haemodialysis patients.

Background: Numerous prior studies have reported that a substantially higher dose of epoetin is required to maintain haemoglobin (Hb) concentration when patients are switched from a subcutaneous (s.c.) to intravenous (i.

Acute renal failure associated with Legionella pneumonia and acute cholecystitis.

Background And Aims: Acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients has a high morbidity and mortality. We observed a number of patients presenting with Legionella pneumonia and acute renal failure who subsequently developed acute cholecystitis. There has previously been no reported association between Legionella pneumonia, renal failure and cholecystitis, prompting this examination of the cases and review of the available literature.

Sirolimus: a single center experience in combination with calcineurin inhibitors.

A retrospective survey was performed to establish patient and graft outcome for all 41 patients at our centre receiving sirolimus (SRL) in combination with calcineurin inhibition (CNI) as primary therapy for the 6 years prior to March 2002. Patient mortality [12%; n = 5 (TTP, lymphoma, mucormycosis, and small bowel perforation] was significantly higher at 3 months compared with those not receiving SRL, but not thereafter. 12.