Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) manifests clinically with chronic intestinal inflammation and microflora dysbiosis. Although biologics can effectively control inflammation, efficient delivery to the colon and colon epithelial cells remains challenging. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) show promise as an oral delivery tool, however, the ability to load biologics into EV presents challenges to therapeutic applications.

Classification of inattentional blindness using brain dynamics of ERPs.

Situational awareness (SA) is vital for understanding our surroundings. Multiple variables, including inattentive blindness (IB), contribute to the deterioration of SA, which may have detrimental effects on individuals' cognitive performance. IB occurs due to attentional limitations, ignoring critical information and resulting in a loss of SA and a decline in general performance, particularly in complicated situations requiring substantial cognitive resources.

Nitrogen-doped FeS as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.

The high unoccupied d band energy of FeS basically results in weak orbital coupling with water molecules, consequently leading to sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate that the N-induced doping effect and phase transition engineering (FeS to N-FeS) can downshift the unoccupied d orbitals and strengthen the interfacial orbital coupling to boost the water dissociation kinetics. The fabricated N-FeS/carbon cloth (CC) displays superb hydrogen evolution reaction performance with a low overpotential (89 mV at 10 mA cm) and small Tafel slope (105 mV dec) under alkaline conditions.

Robust Fuzzy Neural Network With an Adaptive Inference Engine.

Fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) have been very successful at handling uncertainty in data using fuzzy mappings and if-then rules. However, they suffer from generalization and dimensionality issues. Although deep neural networks (DNNs) represent a step toward processing high-dimensional data, their capacity to address data uncertainty is limited.

Functional imaging and targeted drug delivery in mice and patient tumors with a cell nucleolus-localizing and tumor-targeting peptide.

Tumor-targeting peptides have profound clinical implications in early detection and delineation of microscopic lesions for surgical resection, and also delivery of therapeutics with reduced systemic toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that a peptide (RS), evolved from a previously reported hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeting peptide P47, enables improved HCC micrometastasis discrimination and delineation from noncancerous tissues in murine orthotopic mice and patient biopsies, with up to 21-fold contrast. Importantly, RS targets non-small cell lung (NSCLC) and colon cancers in mice and patient biopsies, with higher selectivity for highly proliferative tumor nodules.

Spatial distribution of tuberculosis and its socioeconomic influencing factors in mainland China 2013-2016.

Background: To assess the spatial epidemic characteristics of TB and identify the key areas for disease prevention and control.

Objective: To explore the spatial distribution and socioeconomic influencing factors of TB in mainland China from 2013 to 2016.

Methods: Spatial autocorrelation was used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of TB at the quantitative level.