G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) activation promotes synaptic insertion of AMPA receptors and induction of chemical LTP at hippocampal temporoammonic-CA1 synapses.

It is well documented that 17β estradiol (E2) regulates excitatory synaptic transmission at hippocampal Shaffer-collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses, via activation of the classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons are also innervated by the temporoammonic (TA) pathway, and excitatory TA-CA1 synapses are reported to be regulated by E2. Recent studies suggest a role for the novel G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) at SC-CA1 synapses, however, the role of GPER1 in mediating the effects of E2 at juvenile TA-CA1 synapses is unclear.

Activation of oestrogen receptor α induces a novel form of LTP at hippocampal temporoammonic-CA1 synapses.

Background And Purpose: 17β estradiol (E2) rapidly regulates excitatory synaptic transmission at the classical Schaffer collateral (SC) input to hippocampal CA1 neurons. However, the impact of E2 on excitatory synaptic transmission at the distinct temporoammonic (TA) input to CA1 neurons and the oestrogen receptors involved is less clear.

Experimental Approach: Extracellular recordings were used to monitor excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from juvenile male (P11-24) Sprague Dawley rats.

Age-dependent regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at hippocampal temporoammonic-CA1 synapses by leptin.

The hippocampus is a key target for the hormone leptin and leptin regulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at Schaffer-collateral-CA1 synapses during aging are well documented. However, little is known about the age-dependent actions of leptin at the temporoammonic (TA) input to CA1 neurons. Here we show that leptin induces a novel form of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term depression (LTD) at adult (12-24 weeks old) TA-CA1 synapses.

The impact of trained radiographers as concurrent readers on performance and reading time of experienced radiologists in the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) trial.

Objectives: To compare radiologists' performance reading CTs independently with their performance using radiographers as concurrent readers in lung cancer screening.

Methods: 369 consecutive baseline CTs performed for the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) trial were double-read by radiologists reading either independently or concurrently with a radiographer. In concurrent reading, the radiologist reviewed radiographer-identified nodules and then detected any additional nodules.

Comparing the performance of trained radiographers against experienced radiologists in the UK lung cancer screening (UKLS) trial.

Objective: To compare the performance of radiographers against that of radiologists for CT lung nodule detection in the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) pilot trial.

Methods: Four radiographers, trained in CT nodule detection, and three radiologists were prospectively evaluated. 290 CTs performed for the UKLS were independently read by 2 radiologists and 2 radiographers.