Protective Effects of Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Liquid on Infection on C57BL/6 Mice.

Background: -associated disease (CDAD) is a major healthcare-associated infection. New treatment options for CDAD are needed. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi (HXZQ), was chosen to test against CDAD in a mouse model.

Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Incidence of Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Virus, and Parasites in Denmark: A National, Register-Based Study.

Diarrheal diseases caused by enteric pathogens are a significant public health concern. It is widely considered that close contact between persons, poor hygiene, and consumption of contaminated food are the primary causes of gastroenteritis. Clinical microbiology laboratory observations indicate that the incidence of enteropathogenic microorganisms may have been reduced in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sentinel surveillance and epidemiology of in Denmark, 2016 to 2019.

BackgroundSince 2008, Danish national surveillance of has focused on binary toxin-positive strains in order to monitor epidemic types such as PCR ribotype (RT) 027 and 078. Additional surveillance is needed to provide a more unbiased representation of all strains from the clinical reservoir.AimSetting up a new sentinel surveillance scheme for an improved understanding of type distribution relative to time, geography and epidemiology, here presenting data from 2016 to 2019.

Bloodstream Infections at Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Ghana: Multidrug Resistant Enterobacterales Undermine the Usefulness of Standard Antibiotic Regimes.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized neonates. Data on antibiotic resistance in neonatal BSIs and their impact on clinical outcomes in Africa are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at 2 tertiary level neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Ghana.

A case report of polymicrobial bacteremia with and comparison of previous treatment for successful recovery with a review of the literature.

is a Gram-positive coccus and a commensal bacterium of the human gastrointestinal tract with a potential to cause invasive infections. We report the presence of in the blood of a 25-year-old male patient with Crohn's disease, short bowel syndrome treated with home parenteral nutrition, and a history of recurrent bloodstream infections, admitted to our hospital with fever and malaise. A polymicrobial culture of and was identified from blood, for which treatment with meropenem and metronidazole was initiated.

bacteraemia in a patient with multiple haematological malignancies.

We present a case of sepsis in a woman suffering from multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome. , a Gram-positive coccus and a gut commensal, has been described in nine cases of infection in the literature, with most infections having occurred in patients with either gastrointestinal symptoms or prosthesis infections. In this case, was identified by mass spectrometry, and showed susceptibility to penicillin, meropenem, tetracycline, metronidazole and clindamycin.

CRHP Finder, a webtool for the detection of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori from whole-genome sequencing data.

Background: Resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is mediated by mutations in the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene (A2142G, A2143G, A2142C). Other polymorphisms in the 23S rRNA gene have been reported to cause low-level clarithromycin resistance but their importance is still under debate. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate the CRHP Finder webtool for detection of the most common mutations mediating clarithromycin resistance from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data.

Oxacillinase-181 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ghana, 2017-2019.

We sequenced 29 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a neonatal intensive care unit in Ghana. Twenty-eight isolates were sequence type 17 with bla and differed by 0-32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Improved surveillance and infection control are needed to characterize and curb the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms in sub-Saharan Africa.

Colonization Drives Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) Expression in Murine Gastric Epithelium During Early Pathogenesis.

(1) Background: Persistent infection is the most important risk factor for gastric cancer. The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is upregulated in lesions harboring cancer invasion and inflammation. Circumstantial evidence tends to correlate colonization with increased uPAR expression in the human gastric epithelium, but a direct causative link has not yet been established in vivo; (2) Methods: In a mouse model of -induced gastritis, we investigated the temporal emergence of uPAR protein expression in the gastric mucosa in response to (SS1 strain) infection; (3) Results: We observed intense uPAR immunoreactivity in foveolar epithelial cells of the gastric corpus due to de novo synthesis, compared to non-infected animals.

Transient and Persistent Gastric Microbiome: Adherence of Bacteria in Gastric Cancer and Dyspeptic Patient Biopsies after Washing.

is a common colonizer of the human stomach, and long-term colonization has been related to development of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The increased gastric pH caused by colonization, treatment with antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may allow growth of other bacteria. Previous studies have detected non- bacteria in stomach biopsies, but no conclusion has been made of whether these represent a transient contamination or a persistent microbiota.

Molecular characterization of Danish ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from bloodstream infections, 2018.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to molecularly characterize third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from bloodstream infections in Denmark in 2018 using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, and to compare these isolates to the most common clones detected in 2006 and 2008.

Methods: Sixty-two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from Danish blood cultures from 2018 were analysed using WGS to obtain multilocus sequence typing (MLST), core genome MLST (cgMLST), resistance profile and phylogeny.

High Carriage Rates of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Neonatal Intensive Care Units From Ghana.

Background: Carriage of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GN) in hospitalized neonates may increase the risk of difficult-to-treat invasive infections at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Data on MDRGN carriage among hospitalized newborns in Africa are limited.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the NICUs of 2 tertiary hospitals in Ghana.

Astaxanthin from Shrimp Cephalothorax Stimulates the Immune Response by Enhancing IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-2 Secretion in Splenocytes of -Infected Mice.

Infection with is a critical cause of gastrointestinal diseases. A crucial host response associated with infection includes gastric inflammation, which is characterized by a sustained recruitment of T-helper (Th) cells to the site of infection and distinct patterns of cytokine production. Adequate nutritional status, especially frequent consumption of dietary antioxidants, appears to protect against infection with .

Complete Genome Sequence of a Vancomycin-Resistant Sequence Type 203 Enterococcus faecium Strain with Belonging to Complex Type 859.

In 2014, the first vancomycin-resistant (encoded by ) Enterococcus faecium isolate belonging to sequence type 203 (ST203) and complex type 859 (CT859) was detected in Denmark. In 2016, 64% of the Danish clinical E. faecium isolates belonged to ST203 and CT859.

Leclercia adecarboxylata: a case report and literature review of 74 cases demonstrating its pathogenicity in immunocompromised patients.

Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It has been described as an emerging human pathogen with the potential to cause severe infection in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of infection with L.

Sequence Type 410 Is Causing New International High-Risk Clones.

sequence type 410 (ST410) has been reported worldwide as an extraintestinal pathogen associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In the present study, we investigated national epidemiology of ST410 isolates from Danish patients. Furthermore, ST410 was investigated in a global context to provide further insight into the acquisition of the carbapenemase genes and of this successful lineage.

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of an Sequence Type 410 Strain Carrying on an IncF Multidrug Resistance Plasmid and on an IncX3 Plasmid.

Using Nanopore sequencing, we describe here the circular genome of an sequence type 410 (ST410) strain with five closed plasmids. A large 111-kb incompatibility group F (IncF) plasmid harbored and 16 other resistance genes. A 51-kb IncX3 plasmid carried and isolates with both and carbapenemases are rare.

Laribacter hongkongensis: clinical presentation, epidemiology and treatment. A review of the literature and report of the first case in Denmark.

Background: Laribacter hongkongensis is an emerging pathogen related to gastroenteritis that can cause invasive and even fatal disease. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical presentation, epidemiology, treatment options and implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Methods: We searched Pubmed using the term Laribacter hongkongensis with limitations human and language English, and identified 35 publications with eight reports on human cases.

Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains among adults and children in a tertiary referral centre in Lithuania.

The study evaluated primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori within the period 2013-2015 and trends of antibiotic consumption over the last decade in Lithuania; 242 adults and 55 children were included in the study. E-tests were performed for amoxicillin, metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and tetracycline. The presence of H.

Dissemination and Characteristics of a Novel Plasmid-Encoded Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamase, OXA-436, Found in Isolates from Four Patients at Six Different Hospitals in Denmark.

The diversity of OXA-48-like carbapenemases is continually expanding. In this study, we describe the dissemination and characteristics of a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (CHDL) named OXA-436. In total, six OXA-436-producing isolates, including ( = 3), ( = 2), and ( = 1), were identified in four patients in the period between September 2013 and April 2015.

Helicobacter: Inflammation, immunology and vaccines.

Helicobacter pylori is usually acquired in early childhood and the infection persists lifelong without causing symptoms. In a small of cases, the infection leads to gastric or duodenal ulcer disease, or gastric cancer. Why disease occurs in these individuals remains unclear, however the host response is known to play a very important part.

WGS-based surveillance of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from bloodstream infections in Denmark.

Objectives: To evaluate a genome-based surveillance of all Danish third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GC-R Ec ) from bloodstream infections between 2014 and 2015, focusing on horizontally transferable resistance mechanisms.

Methods: A collection of 552 3GC-R Ec isolates were whole-genome sequenced and characterized by using the batch uploader from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE) and automatically analysed using the CGE tools according to resistance profile, MLST, serotype and fimH subtype. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationship of the isolates was analysed by SNP analysis.