Comparison of multiforce nickel-titanium wires to multistrand wires without force zones in bending and torque measurements.

Purpose: The aim was to compare rectangular multiforce nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires to rectangular wires with only one force zone. Both types of wires are primarily intended for use during the levelling phase of orthodontic treatment. Thus, basic mechanical properties were examined by means of a three-point bending test.

First order couples induced by nickel-titanium archwires featuring an electrochemically refined surface during simulated rotation of teeth.

Objective: The significance of friction inside the bracket-wire-ligature interface remains controversial despite having been investigated for four decades. Numerous approaches have been proposed to reduce friction via any of the elements of the interface, key among them being recently developed bracket modifications and the introduction of surface-modified wires. The present study explored whether archwires treated by a novel electrochemical process of surface refinement influence first-order couples generated inside self-ligating and conventionally ligated brackets during tooth rotation.