Lateral and feedforward inhibition suppress asynchronous activity in a large, biophysically-detailed computational model of the striatal network.

Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) receive lateral inhibitory projections from other MSNs and feedforward inhibitory projections from fast-spiking, parvalbumin-containing striatal interneurons (FSIs). The functional roles of these connections are unknown, and difficult to study in an experimental preparation. We therefore investigated the functionality of both lateral (MSN-MSN) and feedforward (FSI-MSN) inhibition using a large-scale computational model of the striatal network.

Ketamine disrupts θ modulation of γ in a computer model of hippocampus.

Abnormalities in oscillations have been suggested to play a role in schizophrenia. We studied theta-modulated gamma oscillations in a computer model of hippocampal CA3 in vivo with and without simulated application of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist and psychotomimetic. Networks of 1200 multicompartment neurons [pyramidal, basket, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (OLM) cells] generated theta and gamma oscillations from intrinsic network dynamics: basket cells primarily generated gamma and amplified theta, while OLM cells strongly contributed to theta.

Ketamine modulates theta and gamma oscillations.

Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor glutamatergic antagonist, has been studied as a model of schizophrenia when applied in subanesthetic doses. In EEG studies, ketamine affects sensory gating and alters the oscillatory characteristics of neuronal signals in a complex manner. We investigated the effects of ketamine on in vivo recordings from the CA3 region of mouse hippocampus referenced to the ipsilateral frontal sinus using a paired-click auditory gating paradigm.

Sensitivity to motion features in point light displays of biological motion.

Psychophysical experiments are described that measure the sensitivity to motion features in point light displays of biological motion. Three motion features were investigated: the relative motion of the thighs, the relative motion of the thigh and leg, and the velocity profile of the leg. The perceptual threshold for discriminating a change in each motion feature was compared in upright and inverted point light displays.

Sublinear summation of afferent inputs to the nucleus accumbens in the awake rat.

The mechanisms by which the nucleus accumbens integrates afferent input from limbic and cortical structures have been influential in the development of models of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Previous studies of the response of nucleus accumbens (Nacb) cells to the stimulation of afferent inputs from hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) have demonstrated that PFC throughput can be modulated by preceding HC input. Examination of the post-synaptic potential size has suggested, however, that summation of these inputs is sublinear.

Effects of dopaminergic modulation on the integrative properties of the ventral striatal medium spiny neuron.

Dopaminergic modulation produces a variety of functional changes in the principal cell of the striatum, the medium spiny neuron (MSN). Using a 189-compartment computational model of a ventral striatal MSN, we simulated whole cell D1- and D2-receptor-mediated modulation of both intrinsic (sodium, calcium, and potassium) and synaptic currents (AMPA and NMDA). Dopamine (DA) modulations in the model were based on a review of published experiments in both ventral and dorsal striatum.

Shape representation by a network of V4-like cells.

Cells in extrastriate visual cortex have been reported to be selective for various configurations of local contour shape [Pasupathy, A., & Connor, C. E.

Implementation of dual simultaneous microelectrode recording systems during deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease: technical note.

Objective: Microelectrode recording during deep brain stimulation surgery improves the likelihood of successful target localization and enables the electrophysiological characterization of human neural structures. Many clinical recording systems do not support the ability to capture research-quality recordings. Established clinical centers already using such equipment may be prevented from acquiring human intracranial data because of the need to completely change recording systems to obtain research-quality recordings.

Principal component analysis of temporal and spatial information for human gait recognition.

Principal component analysis was applied to human gait patterns to investigate the role and relative importance of temporal versus spatial features. Datasets consisted of various limb and body angles sampled over increasingly long time intervals. We find that spatial and temporal cues may be useful for different aspects of recognition.

NMDA/AMPA ratio impacts state transitions and entrainment to oscillations in a computational model of the nucleus accumbens medium spiny projection neuron.

We describe a computational model of the principal cell in the nucleus accumbens (NAcb), the medium spiny projection (MSP) neuron. The model neuron, constructed in NEURON, includes all of the known ionic currents in these cells and receives synaptic input from simulated spike trains via NMDA, AMPA, and GABAA receptors. After tuning the model by adjusting maximal current conductances in each compartment, the model cell closely matched whole-cell recordings from an adult rat NAcb slice preparation.