The Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on the Biological Behavior of Fibroblasts on Silicone Implants.

Background: Capsular contracture is one of the most severe complications following breast augmentation surgery. It has been reported that botulinum toxin Type A (BTX-A) can inhibit capsular contracture, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential mechanisms behind BTX-A's inhibition of capsular contracture by observing its effects on the biological behavior of fibroblasts and its impact on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

TGF-β signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling central nervous system injury with a complex pathological process, resulting in severe sensory and motor dysfunction. The current treatment modalities only alleviate its symptoms and cannot effectively intervene or treat its pathological process. Many studies have reported that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, growth, survival, and axonal regeneration after central nervous system injury.

Roles of pyroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), the key pathological process in low back pain, is characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive cell death. Pyroptosis is a type of pro-inflammatory programmed necrosis mediated by inflammasomes that is dependent on the gasdermin family of proteins. An in-depth study of the pathological mechanisms of IDD has revealed that pyroptosis plays an important role in its occurrence and development.

Intrathecal Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A has an Analgesic Effect in Male Rats CCI Model by Inhibiting the Activation of Spinal P2X4R.

Purinergic receptor P2X4 (P2X4R) plays an essential role in neuropathic pain. However, the specific mechanism needs to be clarified. Botulinum toxin type A is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum type A.

Effects of substrate topography on the regulation of human fibroblasts and capsule formation via modulating macrophage polarization.

The host-material interface is critical in determining the successful integration of medical devices into human tissue. The surface topography can regulate the fibrous capsule formation around implants through macrophage polarization, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, four types of microgrooves (10 or 50 µm in groove depths and 50 or 200 µm in groove widths) were fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using lithography.

A ubiquitin-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and constructing molecular subtypes in osteosarcoma.

Ubiquitination is medicated by three classes of enzymes and has been proven to involve in multiple cancer biological processes. Moreover, dysregulation of ubiquitination has received a growing body of attention in osteosarcoma (OS) tumorigenesis and treatment. Therefore, our study aimed to identify a ubiquitin-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune landscape and constructing OS molecular subtypes.

In Vivo and In Vitro Fibroblasts' Behavior and Capsular Formation in Correlation with Smooth and Textured Silicone Surfaces.

Background: As the most principal complication following breast augmentation with silicone breast implants, capsular contracture is greatly influenced by surface texture. However, there have long been widespread debates on the function of smooth or textured surface implants in reducing capsular contracture.

Materials And Methods: Three commercially available silicone breast implants with smooth and textured surfaces were subjected to surface characterization, and in vitro and in vivo assessments were then implemented to investigate the effect of these different surfaces on the biological behaviors of fibroblasts and capsular formation in rat models.

FoxO3a depletion accelerates cutaneous wound healing by regulating epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through β‑catenin activation.

The hysteresis of keratinocyte (KC) re‑epithelialization is an important factor resulting in chronic wounds; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular response remain yet to be completely elucidated. The present study demonstrated the function of transcription factor Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) in KC growth and migration functional effects, resulting in restrained KC re‑epithelialization during wound healing. In chronic wound tissue samples, the expression of FoxO3a was significantly increased when compared with the acute wound healing group (P<0.

Autologous Vascularization: A Method to Enhance the Antibacterial Adhesion Properties of ePTFE.

Background: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), an ideal bioimplant material, is commonly used in surgical repair to treat soft tissue defects and deformities. However, the main disadvantage of ePTFE is that its distinctive porous ultrastructure is prone to bacterial adhesion that gives rise to infection and chronic inflammation, resulting in functional failure. Herein, a potentially promising approach to ePTFE autologous vascularization (AV-ePTFE) in vivo was established and developed to enhance the material's antibacterial properties.

Negative pressure wound therapy and split thickness skin graft aided in the healing of extensive perineum necrotizing fasciitis without faecal diversion: a case report.

Background: Perineum necrotizing fasciitis, also known as Fournier gangrene (FG), is a rare but highly mortal infectious necrotizing fasciitis with or without involvement of the underlying muscle. Evidence exists that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) combined with a split thickness skin graft (STSG) can help to heal wounds with FG. However, when the wound spreads to the anal area, it can easily be contaminated by faeces, causing a more extensive wounds; thus, faecal diversion is considered.

Biofunctionalization of silicone rubber with microgroove-patterned surface and carbon-ion implantation to enhance biocompatibility and reduce capsule formation.

Purpose: Silicone rubber implants have been widely used to repair soft tissue defects and deformities. However, poor biocompatibility can elicit capsule formation, usually resulting in prosthesis contracture and displacement in long-term usage. To overcome this problem, this study investigated the properties of silicone rubber materials with or without a microgroove-patterned surface and with or without carbon (C)-ion implantation.

Complications from Nasolabial Fold Injection of Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Facial Soft-Tissue Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Despite its increasing usage of facial applications, there is a paucity of objective data regarding calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA).

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the complications from CaHA injection for facial soft tissue augmentation.

Methods: Published studies on CaHA injection for facial soft tissue enhancement were identified through searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trial databases.

Hydroxyapatite-coated sillicone rubber enhanced cell adhesion and it may be through the interaction of EF1β and γ-actin.

Silicone rubber (SR) is a common soft tissue filler material used in plastic surgery. However, it presents a poor surface for cellular adhesion and suffers from poor biocompatibility. In contrast, hydroxyapatite (HA), a prominent component of animal bone and teeth, can promote improved cell compatibility, but HA is an unsuitable filler material because of the brittleness in mechanism.

Osteopontin (OPN) is an important protein to mediate improvements in the biocompatibility of C ion-implanted silicone rubber.

Medical device implants are drawing increasing amounts of interest from modern medical practitioners. However, this attention is not evenly spread across all such devices; most of these implantable devices can cause adverse reactions such as inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and infection. In this work, the biocompatibility of silicone rubber (SR) was improved through carbon (C) ion implantation.

Protective effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on multiple organ damage following scald injury in rats.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on multiple organ damage after scald injury. Healthy adult rats (half male and half female; 8-12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to the following treatments: sham operation, scald injury, and intraperitoneal enalapril (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg body weight) treatment after scalding. At 1, 12, and 24 H postscald, left ventricular and aortic hemodynamics were measured using a multichannel physiological recorder.

Shaking stress aggravates burn-induced cardiovascular and renal disturbances in a rabbit model.

The aim of this study was to address the effects of shaking stress (a.k.a.

Prompt myocardial damage contributes to hepatic, renal, and intestinal injuries soon after a severe burn in rats.

Background: Ischemic/hypoxic myocardial damage and functional impairment of the myocardium occurs immediately after major burns. This experimental study investigated whether the prompt cardiac dysfunction initiates hepatic, renal, and intestinal injuries soon after a severe burn.

Methods: Wistar rats were randomized to a sham burn group, a burn group (subjected to 30% total body surface area third-degree burn) that was subdivided into two groups: a simple burn group, observed at 0.

Role of serum amyloid P in skin graft survival and wound healing in burned patients receiving skin grafts.

Background: Recent studies in animal models suggest that serum amyloid P (SAP) can affect burn wound healing. However, the role of SAP in a clinical setting remains unknown.

Methods: We enrolled 88 patients with third degree burn wounds.

[Effects of angiotensin (1-7) and enalaprilat on function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum].

Objective: To investigate effects of angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] and enalaprilat on function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum.

Methods: Eighty SD rats were used to prepare burn serum. Hearts of another 24 SD rats were isolated to reproduce Langendorff perfusion model.

[Influence of myocardial inhibition on injury to liver, kidney and intestine at early stage in rat with severe scald].

Objective: To investigate the influence of myocardial inhibition on injury to liver, kidney and intestine and blood perfusion at early stage in rat with severe burn.

Methods: Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into sham scald, propranolol, scald control and scald + propranolol groups, with 8 rats in each group. After intraperitoneal injection of 10 g/L pentobarbital sodium for anesthesia, rats of the former two groups were sham scalded in a water bath of 37 degrees C for 18 s, while the latter two groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald in a 97 degrees C water bath for 18 s.

Mechanical and biological evaluations of beta-tricalcium phosphate/silicone rubber composite as a novel soft-tissue implant.

Background: Although silicone rubber (SR) implants are most commonly used and effective for soft-tissue augmentation, they still have been implicated in many adverse reactions. To overcome this problem, a novel composite beta-tricalcium phosphate/silicone rubber (beta-TCP/SR) was prepared by adding beta-TCP into a SR matrix. This study was to evaluate its application potential by investigating the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of beta-TCP/SR.

[Effects of single or combined administration of cedilanid and enalaprilat on visceral damages in early stage of severe scald in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of single or combined administration of cedilanid and small-dose of enalaprilat on heart, liver, kidney and intestine damages at early stage of severe scald in rats.

Methods: Forty healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into: sham, burn control, cedilanid, enalaprilat, cedilanid + enalaprilat groups, with 8 rats in each group. Rats, except that of sham group (simulated scald with 37 degrees C water) were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald, and were injected with Ringer's lactate solution (4 mLxkg(-1)x1% TBSA(-1)) intraperitoneally 30 minutes after burn.

[Instigating effect of shock heart on the injury to the liver, kidney and intestine at early stage of severe burn in rat].

Objective: To investigate the instigating effect of "shock heart" on injury to liver, kidney and intestine at early stage of severe burn in rat.

Methods: Fifty-six healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into normal control (n=8, without treatment, NC) and burn (n=48, inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald, B) groups. The rats in B group were intraperitoneally injected with Ringer's lactate solution (4 ml x kg(-1) x 1% TBSA(-1) 30 minutes after burn following the Parkland formula, and they were observed at 0.

[Protective effects of administration of enalapril maleate on rat myocardial damage in early stage of burns].

Objective: To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of enalapril maleate (Enalaprilat) (E) on myocardial damage in early stage after burns.

Methods: A total of 60 SD rats were subjected to 30% TBSA III degree scald injury, and randomly divided into scald group (with conventional fluid transfusion after scald) and ENA group (with intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg Enalaprilat after scald). Normal control consisted of 6 rats.