Superolateral capsule pathway: a new arthroscopic viewing approach for spotting femoral fixation device in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: This study aimed to describe the arthroscopic superlateral capsule pathway technique for spotting femoral fixation device deployment, and to compare the results with normal procedure.

Methods: A total of 69 patients underwent ACLR (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction) with or without the SCP (superolateral capsule pathway) during procedure were retrospectively selected and evaluated. A total of 36 patients underwent SCP and 33 patients underwent ACLR without SCP.

Denosumab ameliorates osteoarthritis by protecting cartilage against degradation and modulating subchondral bone remodeling.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease worldwide. Effective management for early-stage OA is crucial. Denosumab (DS) has been widely used to treat osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis, but its potential for managing OA remains clear.

Fabrication of -GaO Nanotubes via Sacrificial GaSb-Nanowire Templates.

-GaO nanostructures are attractive wide-band-gap semiconductor materials as they exhibit promising photoelectric properties and potential applications. Despite the extensive efforts on -GaO nanowires, investigations into -GaO nanotubes are rare since the tubular structures are hard to synthesize. In this paper, we report a facile method for fabricating -GaO nanotubes using pre-synthesized GaSb nanowires as sacrificial templates.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Te Nanosheets: Growth Mechanism and Electrical Property.

Hydrothermal synthesis is a highly efficient way to yield multiform Te nanosheets. However, the growth mechanisms and property discrepancies between different types of Te nanosheets are still unclear. In this paper, we perform an investigation on this issue by monitoring the hydrothermally synthesized Te nanosheets at different growth stages with transmission electron microscopy and electrical tests.

Revealing the alloying and dealloying behaviours in AuAg nanorods by thermal stimulus.

Binary metallic nanocrystals are attractive as they offer an extra degree of freedom for structure and phase modulation to generate synergistic effects and extraordinary properties. However, whether the binary structures and phases at the nanoscale still follow the rules established on the bulk counterparts remains unclear. In this work, AuAg nanorods were used as a sample to probe into this issue.

Strontium ion attenuates osteoarthritis through inhibiting senescence and enhancing autophagy in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) mainly occurs in the elderly population and seriously affects their quality of life (QOL). Strontium (Sr) ions have shown positive effects on bone tissue and are promising for OA treatment. However, the adequate treatment dosage and underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Comparing Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Between the Self-locking Stand-alone Cage and Conventional Cage-plate Construct: A Five-year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Study Design/setting: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the self-locking stand-alone (SA) cage and conventional cage-plate construct (CPC) in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis with a five-year follow-up.

Summary Of Background Data: The SA approach was designed to reduce complications associated with traditional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Revealing the Phase Segregation and Evolution Dynamics in Binary Nanoalloys Electron Beam-Assisted Ultrafast Heating and Cooling.

Gas-phase synthesized binary nanoparticles (NPs) possess ultraclean surfaces, which benefit versatile uses in sensors and catalysts. However, precise control of their configuration and properties is still a big challenge because the growth mechanism and phase evolution dynamics in these NPs are very hard to unveil. Here, we report a strategy to investigate the phase evolution dynamics in binary NPs by using e-beam assisted ultrafast local heating and cooling inside a transmission electron microscope.

Precise Arthroscopic Mini-trochleoplasty and Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Instability With Severe Trochlear Dysplasia.

More than 100 surgical procedures have been reported to address recurrent patellar instability. Trochlear dysplasia is the most common finding among the anatomic risk factors for recurrent patellar instability. Various studies have shown that trochleoplasty combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is an effective technique to treat recurrent patellar instability.

Permanently Avoiding Steam on Camera for Arthroscopy by a Simple Device.

Steam on the camera may happen in any arthroscopic procedure, especially in shoulder arthroscopy. Although multiple techniques and devices have been applied to avoid steam, it still cannot be prevented completely. We designed a simple device to terminate this problem by protecting against the ingress of water.

A novel bacterial cellulose membrane immobilized with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome prevents epidural fibrosis.

Introduction: Failed back surgery syndrome is a situation where there is failure after lumbar surgery aimed at correcting lumbar disease that is characterized by continuous back and/or leg pain. Epidural fibrosis and adhesions are among the major causes of failed back surgery syndrome. In recent years, several biomaterials have been applied as barriers or deterrents to prevent the compression of neural structures by postsurgical fibrosis.

Discover cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in symptomatic cervical disc diseases: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Symptomatic cervical disc disease (SCDD) is a common degenerative disease, and Discover artificial cervical disc, a new-generation nonconstrained artificial disk, has been developed and performed gradually to treat it. We performed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety between Discover cervical disc arthroplasty (DCDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for SCDD.

Methods: An exhaustive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that compared DCDA with ACDF for patients suffering SCDD.

Fibulin-4 reduces extracellular matrix production and suppresses chondrocyte differentiation via DKK1- mediated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Fibulin-4 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein implicated in connective tissue development and elastic fiber formation. However, little is known about the underlying function of Fibulin-4 in cartilage development. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and probable mechanism of Fibulin-4 stimulation in ECM production and chondrocyte differentiation.

A genome wide analysis of alternative splicing events during the osteogenic differentiation of human cartilage endplate-derived stem cells.

Low back pain is a prevalent disease, which leads to suffering and disabilities in a vast number of individuals. Degenerative disc diseases are usually the underlying causes of low back pain. However, the pathogenesis of degenerative disc diseases is highly complex and difficult to determine.

Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most widespread severe complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We conducted this meta-analysis to further validate the benefits and harms of rivaroxaban use for thromboprophylaxis after THA or TKA. We thoroughly searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Anterior Facetectomy for Reduction of Cervical Facet Dislocation.

Study Design: Technique report and case series.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a new surgical technique for anterior reduction in management of unilateral/bilateral facet dislocations and to report the results of 8 patients with successful outcomes associated with this approach.

Summary Of Background Data: The anterior-only surgical procedure, including discectomy, open reduction, fusion, and fixation, is a recommended approach in the treatment of cervical facet dislocations.

[Transforming growth factor-β1 induces bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts].

Objective: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs).

Methods: MSCs were cultured in α-MEM with recombinant human TGF-β1 or in tumor-conditioned medium.The expression of CAFs markers were detected by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR.

miR-29c-3p promotes senescence of human mesenchymal stem cells by targeting CNOT6 through p53-p21 and p16-pRB pathways.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important seed cells for tissue engineering and are promising targets for cell-based therapies. However, the replicative senescence of MSCs during in vitro culture limits their research and clinical applications. The molecular mechanisms underlying the replicative senescence of MSCs are not fully understood.

Global Gene Expression Profiling and Alternative Splicing Events during the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Cartilage Endplate-Derived Stem Cells.

Low back pain (LBP) is a very prevalent disease and degenerative disc diseases (DDDs) usually account for the LBP. However, the pathogenesis of DDDs is complicated and difficult to elucidate. Alternative splicing is a sophisticated regulatory process which greatly increases cellular complexity and phenotypic diversity of eukaryotic organisms.

Posterior 2-Level Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Progressive Rotational Dislocation in Kyphoscoliotic Deformities.

Objective: Progressive rotational dislocation of the spine is rare and surgical treatment is challenging. Few reports have described surgical decompression, fusion, and partial correction by traditional 2-stage anterior decompression and the posterior fixation technique. The goal of this retrospective study was to report a series of 6 patients with this deformity and the outcome after treatment by posterior-only 2-level vertebral column resection (PVCR).

Transient activation of hedgehog pathway rescued irradiation-induced hyposalivation by preserving salivary stem/progenitor cells and parasympathetic innervation.

Purpose: To examine the effects and mechanisms of transient activation of the Hedgehog pathway on rescuing radiotherapy-induced hyposalivation in survivors of head and neck cancer.

Experimental Design: Mouse salivary glands and cultured human salivary epithelial cells were irradiated by a single 15-Gy dose. The Hedgehog pathway was transiently activated in mouse salivary glands, by briefly overexpressing the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transgene or administrating smoothened agonist, and in human salivary epithelial cells, by infecting with adenovirus encoding Gli1.

Cessation of epithelial Bmp signaling switches the differentiation of crown epithelia to the root lineage in a β-catenin-dependent manner.

The differentiation of dental epithelia into enamel-producing ameloblasts or the root epithelial lineage compartmentalizes teeth into crowns and roots. Bmp signaling has been linked to enamel formation, but its role in root epithelial lineage differentiation is unclear. Here we show that cessation of epithelial Bmp signaling by Bmpr1a depletion during the differentiation stage switched differentiation of crown epithelia into the root lineage and led to formation of ectopic cementum-like structures.

Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling by BAMBI blocks differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and abolishes their protumor effects.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have multiple therapeutic potentials for regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory purposes and also show promise as vehicles for gene therapy of various metastatic cancers based on their tumor-tropic capacity. However, BM-MSCs are also a source of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and may promote growth and metastasis of cancer. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is required to induce CAF differentiation of mouse BM-MSCs in vivo and can induce expression of some CAF markers in human BM-MSCs in vitro.

Concurrent transient activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway prevents radiation damage to salivary glands.

Purpose: Many head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy suffer from permanent impairment of their salivary gland function, for which few effective prevention or treatment options are available. This study explored the potential of transient activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in preventing radiation damage to salivary glands in a preclinical model.

Methods And Materials: Wnt reporter transgenic mice were exposed to 15 Gy single-dose radiation in the head and neck area to evaluate the effects of radiation on Wnt activity in salivary glands.