Molten Li Salt Modified Buried Interface Releases Strain and Realizes High Performance n-i-p Type CsPbI Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inorganic CsPbI perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) have attracted great attention in photovoltaic research in recent years. Thermal annealing treatment is important for device optimization of the pero-SCs, nevertheless, traditional annealing process leads to residual strain owing to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between perovskite active layer and SnO electron transporting layer (ETL) in n-i-p pero-SCs. Additionally, abundant defects and mismatched energy levels restrict the application of SnO as ETL in the CsPbI n-i-p pero-SCs.

LVLM-EHub: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models.

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently played a dominant role in multimodal vision-language learning. Despite the great success, it lacks a holistic evaluation of their efficacy. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of publicly available large multimodal models by building an LVLM evaluation Hub (LVLM-eHub).

Multiscale numerical investigation into the effects of rock content and rock particle size on the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical characteristics of soil rock mixture.

Soil-rock mixture is a typical two-phase composite material. The physicomechanical properties and relative quantities of each component greatly influence the macroscopic mechanical properties of the soil-rock mixture. This study takes the macroscopic and mesoscopic coupling perspective and uses the discrete element direct shear test as the main method to comprehensively investigate the effects of rock content and rock particle size on the mechanical properties of the soil-rock mixture.

Cadmium inhibits carbon and nitrogen cycling through soil microbial biomass and reduces soil nitrogen availability.

Microbial mediated carbon and nitrogen cycling response to cadmium are often observed in soil; however, a unified framework of this response has not yet been established. By analyzing 1232 observations from 166 publications, we found that cadmium decreased microbial biomass carbon (-16 %) and nitrogen (-21 %), dissolved organic nitrogen (-27 %), nitrification rate (-17 %), microbial respiration rate (-12 %), and β-1,4-glucosidase (-21 %) and urease (-16 %) activities, but increased microbial metabolic quotient (+11 %) and fungal-to-bacterial ratio (+39 %). The cadmium impact was concentration-dependent, becoming more pronounced at higher concentrations.

Asymmetric small-molecule acceptor enables suppressed electron-vibration coupling and minimized driving force for organic solar cells.

Minimizing the energy loss, particularly the non-radiative energy loss (ΔE), without sacrificing the charge collection efficiency, is the key to further improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we proposed an asymmetric molecular design strategy, via developing alkyl/thienyl hybrid side chain based asymmetric small molecule acceptors (SMAs) BTP-C11-TBO and BTP-BO-TBO, to manipulate the intermolecular interactions to realize enhanced luminescence efficiency and reduced energy loss. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that compared to the three symmetric SMAs BTP-DC11, BTP-DTBO and BTP-DBO, the asymmetric SMAs BTP-C11-TBO and BTP-BO-TBO exhibit repressed electron-vibration coupling and reduced ΔE.

MiR-501-3p/SPC24 axis affects cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.

It has been confirmed that the expression of miR-501-3p is closely related to the behavior of several cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of miR-501-3p/SPC24 axis on the behavior of renal cancer cells and to identify its prognostic value in renal cancer. First, the expression of miR-501-3p in the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Chronic Stress Mediates Inflammatory Cytokines Alterations and Its Role in Tumorigenesis.

Introduction: Prolonged psychological stress is closely associated with cancer due to its role in promoting the release of stress hormones through the sustained activation of the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system. These hormones interact with receptors on inflammatory cells, leading to the activation of key signaling pathways, including the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3) and kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). These factors drive the production of pro-inflammatory substances, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which can influence the initiation and progression of cancer.

Edaphic factors mediate the response of nitrogen cycling and related enzymatic activities and functional genes to heavy metals: A review.

Soil nitrogen (N) transformations control N availability and plant production and pose environmental concerns when N is lost, raising issues such as soil acidification, water contamination, and climate change. Former studies suggested that soil N cycling is chiefly regulated by microbial activity; however, emerging evidence indicates that this regulation is disrupted by heavy metal (HM) contamination, which alters microbial communities and enzyme functions critical to N transformations. Environmental factors like soil organic carbon, soil texture, water content, temperature, soil pH, N fertilization, and redox status play significant roles in modulating the response of soil N cycling to HM contamination.

Dynamic hydrogen-bonding enables high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells processed with non-halogenated solvent.

Developing active-layer systems with both high performance and mechanical robustness is a crucial step towards achieving future commercialization of flexible and stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we design and synthesize a series of acceptors BTA-C6, BTA-E3, BTA-E6, and BTA-E9, featuring the side chains of hexyl, and 3, 6, and 9 carbon-chain with ethyl ester end groups respectively. Benefiting from suitable phase separation and vertical phase distribution, the PM6:BTA-E3-based OSCs processed by o-xylene exhibit lower energy loss and improved charge transport characteristic and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 19.

Wearable multifunctional optical sensor based on Er/Yb co-doped GdO nanoparticles and tapered U-shaped fiber.

Wearable sensors with multiple functions are attracting significant attention due to their broad applications in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. Despite significant progress in wearable sensors, it is a significant challenge to monitor temperature and stress simultaneously with a single sensor. A wearable multifunctional optical sensor based on Er/Yb co-doped GdO nanoparticles and a tapered U-shaped fiber is proposed to monitor both temperature and stress in this paper.

Efficacy of Toothpaste Containing Polylysine and Funme Peptide on Oral Microbiome and Oral Health.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the toothpaste containing ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) and funme peptide (FP) as key components on oral microbial composition and oral health.

Methods: An oral microbiome study was initially carried out to analyze the variation in the oral microbiota before and after use of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) toothpaste. Subsequently, a clinical trial was independently performed to assess the efficacy of AMP toothpaste by measuring the dental plaque index (PLI), volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) levels, modified bleeding index (mBI), and bleeding on probing rate (BOP%).

Dynamic Hydrogel-Based Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury Modeling and Therapy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most traumatizing and poses serious health risks to people's bodies due to its unique pathophysiological characteristics. The investigations on the pathological mechanism and valid interventions of TBI have attracted widespread attention worldwide. With bio-mimic mechanic cues, the dynamic hydrogels with dynamic stiffness changes or reversible crosslinking have been suggested to construct the in vitro disease models or novel therapeutic agents for TBI.

Fire Reduces Soil Nitrate Retention While Increasing Soil Nitrogen Production and Loss Globally.

Elucidating the response of soil gross nitrogen (N) transformations to fires could improve our understanding of how fire affects N availability and loss. Yet, how internal soil gross N transformation rates respond to fires remains unexplored globally. Here, we investigate the general response of gross soil N transformations to fire and its consequences for N availability and loss.

Unravelling the impact of QRICH1 modulation on endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal apoptosis in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates. Secondary brain injury, marked by inflammatory responses and apoptosis, worsens TBI outcomes. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response has been implicated in secondary brain injury, with Glutamine Rich 1 Gene (QRICH1) emerging as a potential mediator.

Development of a high-sensitivity and fast-response fiber temperature sensor utilizing TiCT MXene/PDMS composites and Vernier effect.

Precisely measuring temperature holds great significance for human daily life and industrial production. A high-sensitivity and fast-response optical fiber temperature sensor based on the vernier effect is proposed. A Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) filled with TiCT MXene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites is employed as a sensing probe for the first time, and a cascaded Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI) as a reference unit due to its insensitivity to temperature.

Enhancing S-nitrosoglutathione reductase decreases S-nitrosylation of ERO1α and reduces neuronal death in secondary traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological disorders, along with high mortality and disability rates. Pathological conversion of excess nitric oxide (NO) to S-nitrosoglutathion (GSNO) after TBI leads to high S-nitrosylation of intracellular proteins, causing nitrative stress. GSNO reductase (GSNOR) plays an important role by regulating GSNO and SNO-proteins (PSNOs) and as a redox regulator of the nervous system.

[Effectiveness of robot-assisted minimally invasive and open freehand transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treatment of single-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and the influence on adjacent segment degeneration].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and open freehand TLIF for the treatment of single-level degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DSL) and analyse the influence on postoperative adjacent segmental degeneration (ASD).

Methods: The clinical data of 116 patients with L DLS who were admitted between November 2019 and October 2021 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, they were divided into the robotic group (45 cases, who underwent robot-assisted MIS-TLIF) and the open group (71 cases, who underwent open freehand TLIF).

Quantitative study of competitive and selective immobilization of Pb(II)-Ni(II)-Zn(II)-MB(I) by biogenic monohydrocalcite composite and its potential environmental effects.

The study of the competitive and selective immobilization properties and mechanisms of pollutants immobilized by metastable biogenic monohydrocalcite is of great importance for the assessment of the eco-environmental effects and applications of hydrated calcite at the Earth's poles. Microbial culture technology was used to induce the synthesis of biogenic monohydrocalcite (BMHC), and mineral characterization, batch adsorption experiments and chemical analyses were further used to investigate the sequestration characteristics, action mechanism, and environmental effects of BMHC on Pb(II)-Ni(II)-Zn(II)-methylene blue (MB) compound pollution. The results show that BMHC is an organic-inorganic mineral composite (about 3.

Antioxidant Function and Application of Plant-Derived Peptides.

With the development of society and the improvement of people's health consciousness, the demand for antioxidants is increasing. As a natural antioxidant with no toxic side effects, antioxidant peptides are widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other fields because of their strong antioxidant capacity and easy absorption by the human body. Plant-derived antioxidant peptides have attracted more attention than animal-derived antioxidant peptides because plants are more diverse than animals and produce a large number of protein-rich by-products during the processing of their products, which are the main source of antioxidant peptides.

Isomeric diammonium passivation for perovskite-organic tandem solar cells.

In recent years, perovskite has been widely adopted in series-connected monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. Perovskite-organic TSCs, comprising a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cell (pero-SC) as the front cell and a narrow-bandgap organic solar cell (OSC) as the rear cell, have recently drawn attention owing to the good stability and potential high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, WBG pero-SCs usually exhibit higher voltage losses than regular pero-SCs, which limits the performance of TSCs.

Boosting Li-Ion Conductivity of Fluoride Solid Electrolyte by Low-Temperature Molten Salt Ablation and Particle Boundary Doping.

Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) are attracting great attention, owing to their high ionic conductivity and excellent high-voltage compatibility. However, severe moisture sensitivity, poor thermal stability, and instability at the lithium metal anode interface with chloride and bromide SEs retard their applications in solid-state lithium metal batteries. Fluoride SEs are expected to solve these problems, but they are now plagued by inadequate room-temperature (RT) ionic conductivity.