Publications by authors named "Lei Duan"

In this article, we attempt to study a problem of identifying outliers from multiple dimensions, terming it as multidimensional anomaly detection. This task assumes that each sample corresponds to heterogeneous discriminative spaces, where each space characterizes distinct semantic information along one dimension. Consequently, the abnormalities exhibited by a sample will vary under these semantically different dimensions.

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MCL1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL2 protein family, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis across various cancers. Small molecule inhibitors targeting MCL1 are currently in clinical trials for TNBC and other malignancies. However, one major challenge in the clinical application of MCL1 inhibitors is the inherent or acquired resistance to these drugs.

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Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infection, with its resistance highly depending on multiple multidrug efflux pumps. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Acinetobacter drug efflux G (AdeG), the inner membrane component of one of three important resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) pump family members in A. baumannii, which is involved in drug resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin.

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Article Synopsis
  • Postoperative infections in artificial joints significantly impact patients' quality of life after surgery, warranting a better understanding of current research trends to enhance clinical practices.
  • The study analyzed 1,799 research articles from 2013 to 2023, showing a growing interest, particularly in the U.S., with key topics like biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance dominating the discussions.
  • The findings highlight emerging research on new biomarkers for diagnosing infections and innovative treatments like antimicrobial-coated prosthetics, emphasizing the importance of continuing advancements in this field.
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The third species of the small and rare stag beetle genus Capreolucanus Didier, 1928 was found from Yunnan Province, China: C. yanxui Qi & Zhou, new species. The complete mitogenome of the new species is assembled.

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Background: The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases. China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.

Aims: The review aims to: (1) systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs, focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach; (2) underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program; (3) highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework; (4) contribute to global efforts in combating dengue, providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.

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  • Pesticides in agricultural waterways pose a significant risk to human and ecosystem health, but there's a lack of comprehensive data on their global impact.
  • This study creates the first global risk maps using extensive pesticide measurements and geospatial data, highlighting hotspots primarily in Southern Asia and Africa, where pesticide use is high and wastewater management is inadequate.
  • An estimated 305 million people face potential health risks from pesticide exposure, with over 170 million situated in the Ganges River basin in India, underscoring the urgent need for awareness and targeted testing efforts.
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S-Palmitoylation has been widely noticed and studied in a variety of diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that S-palmitoylation modification also plays a key role in Glioblastoma (GBM). The zDHHC family, as an important member of S-palmitoyltransferases, has received extensive attention for its function and mechanism in GBM which is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the brain and has an adverse prognosis.

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  • Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are prevalent worldwide, making it essential for governments to understanding their impact for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation.
  • An analysis of the GBD 2021 data showed a significant decline in various URI metrics (incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability) from 1990 to 2021, particularly affecting the elderly and young children.
  • Future projections indicate a rise in URI incidence and prevalence from 2022 to 2050, while mortality rates are expected to decline, highlighting ongoing public health challenges, especially related to factors like low birth weight.
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Predicting drug-target interaction (DTI) is of great importance for drug discovery and development. With the rapid development of biological and chemical technologies, computational methods for DTI prediction are becoming a promising approach. However, there are few solutions to the cold-start problem in DTI prediction scenarios, as these methods rely on existing interaction information to support their modeling.

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Aiming to optimize straw resource utilization and to reduce air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in China, the environmental benefits of biochar production using straw and utilization need to be assessed. Two biochar production scenarios were studied: centralized production scenario (CPS) utilizing an industrialized production method with advanced air pollution control devices, and decentralized production scenario (DPS) based on a distributed production method of biochar at the village level, compared to an open-burning scenario (OBS). The potential GHG emission reductions under DPS, including the benefit of soil biochar application, were evaluated as 680 Tg CO-eq yr, which was lower than the reductions under CPS (780 Tg CO-eq yr).

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Natural indole alkaloids provide important medicinal resources and defences to environmental stresses. The Uncaria genus is a recorded traditional medicinal woody plant with high alkaloids. Genomic insights into alkaloid variation remain elusive.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for cancer patients. Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play a noncoding regulatory role in organisms. Serum EV(extracellular vesicles), as an integral mediator of intercellular transmission of genetic information vesicles in Transfer RNA-derived fragment (tRF RNA), are expected to be minimally invasive diagnostic and predictive biologic factors of CRC.

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  • After total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures, managing severe pain is crucial to prevent complications, leading to the development of the Posterior Hip Pericapsule Block (PHPB) as a supplement to the PENG block.
  • In a case series involving five patients, this modified nerve block was applied alongside the PENG block, with assessments done on pain relief and hip motor function within 48 hours post-surgery.
  • Results showed significant pain reduction (from NRS scores of 3.0 to 0.0 at rest and from 8.0 to 1.0 during movement) with no serious complications, allowing patients to regain hip movement effectively and safely.
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Riparian zones play a crucial role in reducing nitrate pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Complex deposition action and dynamic hydrological processes will change the grain size distribution of riparian sediments, affect the residence time of substances, and have a cascade effect on the biogeochemical process of nitrate nitrogen (NO-N). However, simultaneous studies on NO-N transformation and the potential drivers in riparian zones are still lacking, especially neglecting the effect of sediment grain size (SGS).

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The ability to generate multiple RNA transcript isoforms from the same gene is a general phenomenon in eukaryotes. However, the complexity and diversity of alternative isoforms in natural populations remain largely unexplored. Using a newly developed full-length transcript enrichment protocol with 5' CAP selection, we sequenced full-length RNA transcripts of 48 individuals from outbred populations and subspecies of , and from the closely related sister species and as outgroups.

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in gene regulation and association with diseases because of their unique closed continuous loop structure, which is more stable and conserved than ordinary linear RNAs. As fundamental work to clarify their functions, a large number of computational approaches for identifying circRNA formation have been proposed. However, these methods fail to fully utilize the important characteristics of back-splicing events, i.

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Wetlands are widely recognized as hot spots for the emission or deposition of biogenic sulfur gases, including hydrogen sulfur (HS) and sulfur dioxide (SO), which significantly affect air quality and climate change. With the expansion of urban wetlands, it is critical to know the roles that urban wetlands played in atmospheric HS and SO budget. In this study, the surface-air exchange fluxes of HS and SO were measured by the Dynamic Flux Chamber (DFC) method in a typical urban wetland in eastern China from Sep 2022 to July 2023.

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Direct nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from fertilizer application are the largest anthropogenic source of global NO, but the factors influencing these emissions remain debated. Here, we compile 1134 observations of fertilizer-induced NO emission factor (EF) from 229 publications, covering various regions and crops globally. We then employ an interpretable machine learning model to investigate the driving factors of fertilizer-induced NO emissions.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease with significant public health implications. Its widespread transmission, prolonged treatment duration, notable side effects, and high mortality rate pose severe challenges. This study examines the epidemiological characteristics of TB globally and across major regions, providing a scientific basis for enhancing TB prevention and control measures worldwide.

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  • * Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the research analyzed trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for various forms of HIV-related TB from 1990 to 2021.
  • * In 2021, the rates showed that HIV-DS-TB had the highest incidence and mortality rates compared to HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB, with significant increases in the incidence and mortality of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant forms over the study
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Understanding the emission characteristics of particulate matter and associated heavy metals is essential for assessing their environmental and health impacts post-emission, as well as for identifying potential control technologies for the sources. Here, a field test was conducted at two advanced smelting plants equipped with comprehensive air pollution control devices. The particles emitted from different stages of lead and zinc smelting exhibited bi-modal size distributions, with peaks observed in PM and PM, respectively.

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Introduction: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) is a class of serine/threonine protein kinases that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. CDK4/6 is highly expressed in cancers such as breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, a variety of CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed, aiming to develop effective inhibitors to solve CDK4/6 resistance and toxicity.

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A thorough comprehension of nitrogen biogeochemical processes in the vadose zone is crucial for the effective prevention and remediation of soil-groundwater system contamination. Despite the growing research on this subject, the full scope of nitrogen biogeochemical characterization in different geological environments remains poorly understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by integrating geochemical, microbiological and numerical simulation approaches to gain a deeper insight into nitrogen biogeochemistry in agriculture.

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The burgeoning crisis of antibiotic resistance has directed attention to bacteriophages as natural antibacterial agents capable of circumventing bacterial defenses. Central to this are the bacterial defense mechanisms, such as the BREX system, which utilizes the methyltransferase BrxX to protect against phage infection. This study presents the first in vitro characterization of BrxX from Escherichia coli, revealing its substrate-specific recognition and catalytic activity.

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