Pharmacological effects of nicotine salts on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

With the growing number of individuals regularly using e-cigarettes, it has become increasingly important to understand the psychobiological effects of nicotine salts. Nicotine increases the release of dopamine (DA) into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), causing feelings of satisfaction. However, the differences in the DA-increasing effects of different nicotine salts have not been reported.

Progress in quantification of nicotine content and form distribution in electronic cigarette liquids and aerosols.

Each electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) is a battery-powered system which converts electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) into the inhalable phase by heating the solution when it is in use. After four generations of development, e-cigarettes tend to be more customized and user-operable. The main components in the e-liquid and the aerosol are vegetable glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine, organic acid and some flavor ingredients.

A numerical study on capillary-evaporation behavior of porous wick in electronic cigarettes.

A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer processes in the porous wick of electronic cigarettes was established to describe the atomization of e-liquids according to max liquid temperature, vaporization rate and thermal efficiency in a single puff. Dominant capillary-evaporation effects were defined in the model to account for the effects of electrical power, e-liquid composition and porosity of the wick material on atomization and energy transmission processes. Liquid temperature, vaporization rate, and thermal efficiency were predicted using the mathematical model in 64 groups, varying with electrical power, e-liquid composition and wick porosity.