The effect of cranioplasty on outcomes and complications of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome and minimally responsive state.

Background Studies that have shown neurological improvement following cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) did not include control groups. The aim of this study was to assess the justification of CP for these patients. Methods Data were collected from medical records of inpatients with UWS and MCS admitted between 2002 and 2018.

Continuous Quality Improvement: Utilizing a Novel Education Platform to Enhance Care for the Caregiver in the Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit.

Timely patient and family communication is fundamental to the delivery of patient and family-centered care in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, repetitive, non-urgent communication with patients and designated patient contacts (DPCs) may lead to workflow disruptions, patient safety concerns and burnout. Implementing media-rich, educational content via a web-app could promote a more communication-friendly environment and reduce redundant communication.

The Association of Multidimensional Sleep Health With HbA1c and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Sleep is important for diabetes-related health outcomes. Using a multidimensional sleep health framework, we examined the association of individual sleep health dimensions and a composite sleep health score with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and depressive symptoms among African American adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants (N = 257; mean age = 62.

Behavioral-Social Rhythms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Retired Night Shift Workers and Retired Day Workers.

Objective: Stability in the timing of key daily routine behaviors such as working/doing housework, sleeping, eating, and engaging in social interactions (i.e., behavioral-social rhythms) contributes to health.

Coping With Discrimination Among African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: Factor Structure and Associations With Diabetes Control, Mental Distress, and Psychosocial Resources.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes undermines diabetes-related health outcomes among African Americans, who have a disproportionately high incidence of the disease. Experiences of discrimination are common among African Americans and compound diabetes-related stress, exacerbating poor health outcomes. Appropriate use of coping strategies may mitigate the detrimental effect of discrimination on diabetes-related outcomes, but examining associations between coping strategies and health outcomes is needed to inform potential interventions.

Heart rate and heart rate variability following sleep deprivation in retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Shift workers experience poor sleep and dysregulated cardiac autonomic function during sleep. However, it is unknown if this dysregulation persists into retirement, potentially accelerating the age-associated risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Using sleep deprivation as a physiological challenge to cardiovascular autonomic function, we compared heart rate (HR) and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) during baseline and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation between retired night shift and day workers.

Retired night shift workers exhibit poorer neurocognitive function compared to retired day workers.

Study Objectives: Shift work is associated with compromised cognitive function, and with chronic exposure, may place shift workers at elevated risk for dementia. However, evidence of cognitive impairment among former night shift workers is mixed, possibly due to inconsistencies regarding retirement status, work history classification, and cognitive assessments. To address these limitations, this study compared neurocognitive function between retired night shift workers and retired day workers using a well-characterized sample and a rigorous neurocognitive test battery.

Cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Night shift work is associated with poor cardiometabolic outcomes, even post-retirement. However, the characteristics of cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers (RNSW) compared to retired day workers (RDW) are not well-understood. Rigorous characterization of cardiometabolic dysfunction in RNSW and RDW will inform targeted risk stratification for RNSW.

Responses to stimuli in the 'snoezelen' room in unresponsive wakefulness or in minimally responsive state.

Background: Sensory stimulation in Snoezelen room increased responsiveness after brain injury and dementia.

Objective: To explore the physiological and clinical effects of Snoezelen stimulation in persons with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome or minimally conscious state (UWS or MCS).

Design: A comparative prospective observational cohort study.

Blood Pressure Cuff Inflation Briefly Increases Female Adolescents' Restlessness During Sleep on the First But Not Second Night of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Objective: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) increases restlessness during adults' sleep in laboratory settings, but there is little evidence of an association among adolescents or in naturalistic environments. This study examined activity levels before and after blood pressure cuff inflation during sleep to determine whether and for how long ABPM increased restlessness during sleep in healthy adolescents.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-four healthy adolescents (mean age = 15.

Feasibility and Performance of Hemoglobin A1C Self-Testing During COVID-19 Among African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of implementing A1C self-testing at home using the A1CNow® Self Check and to compare the accuracy of the A1CNow to a reference standard in African Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: African American adults with T2D were recruited from 13 different churches (N = 123). Phase 1, conducted during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, examined the feasibility of A1C assessment using the A1CNow performed at home by untrained participants.

Comparing polysomnography, actigraphy, and sleep diary in the home environment: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study.

Study Objectives: Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the "gold standard" for assessing sleep, but cost and burden limit its use. Although wrist actigraphy and self-report diaries are feasible alternatives to PSG, few studies have compared all three modalities concurrently across multiple nights in the home to assess their relative validity across multiple sleep outcomes. This study compared sleep duration and continuity measured by PSG, actigraphy, and sleep diaries and examined moderation by race/ethnicity.

Social Integration and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Evidence from a Study of Retired Older Adults.

Background: Growing evidence has documented the adverse impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality among older adults. Given the negative consequences of poor sleep, it is critical to identify factors that provide older adults with resilience against worsening sleep quality. Social integration may represent one such resilience factor.

Coping strategies moderate the effect of perceived stress on sleep and health in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic may have a significant impact on health, including sleep health. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable. This study examined associations between perceived stress and sleep health, mental health, physical health, and overall perceived health outcomes among older adults.

Self-reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with bioenergetic function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of adults.

Poor sleep may impair systemic mitochondrial bioenergetics, but this relationship has not been examined in humans. This study examined associations of self-reported sleep with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) bioenergetics in adults. Forty-three participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index from which sleep indices were calculated.

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Culturally Tailored for African Americans: COVID-19-Related Factors Influencing Restart of the TX STRIDE Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this substudy was to determine the most acceptable way to restart the Texas Strength Through Resilience in Diabetes Education (TX STRIDE) study safely using remote technologies. Following the emergence of COVID-19, all in-person TX STRIDE intervention and data collection sessions were paused.

Methods: Qualitative descriptive methods using telephone interviews were conducted during the research pause.

The co-occurrence of dementia in those with epilepsy is associated with 30-day readmission - A population-based study.

Objective: Dementia and epilepsy often co-occur and are associated with poor health outcomes and increased healthcare utilization. The literature on the association between readmission and co-occurrence of dementia and epilepsy is scant. Our objective was to determine if dementia in patients with epilepsy >40 years old is associated with 30-day hospital readmission, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, and length-of-stay.

A Case of Elsberg Syndrome in the Setting of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Elsberg syndrome is a rare cause of lumbosacral radiculitis with concomitant thoracic and lumbosacral myelitis that can be seen after an acute or reactivated viral infection. After the initial coronavirus surge in New York City, a 68-year-old man developed progressive lower extremity weakness and a defined sensory level at the lower abdomen. He had highly elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies despite an absence of preceding COVID-19 symptoms.

The roles of resilience and belonging in mediating the association between positivity and anxiety among underrepresented college students.

Investigate the association of positivity with generalized anxiety and the mediating roles of resilience and sense of belonging in underrepresented college students. College students ( = 425; 18.4% White, 17.

A Resilience Intervention for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Proof-of-Concept in Community Health Centers.

Background: Given the psychological stress associated with managing type 2 diabetes (T2D), resilience-promoting interventions may particularly benefit populations experiencing high levels of stress (e.g., racial/ethnic minority and lower-income individuals).

Associations of Historical Loss, Resilience, and Coping with Loss-related Emotional Symptoms in the Anishinaabe.

Native Americans have higher rates of mental health symptoms and chronic disease compared to the general population, partly due to historical loss (eg, land, language, culture). Few studies have examined strength-based characteristics that enable Native populations to cope with loss and reduce loss-related emotional symptoms (eg, anxiety, anger). We recruited 81 participants (mean age 47.

Perceived stress, psychological resilience, hair cortisol concentration, and metabolic syndrome severity: A moderated mediation model.

Background: Psychological resilience is considered to protect against detrimental effects of perceived stress on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but few studies have tested biological mechanisms underlying these relationships.

Purpose: This study examined whether psychological resilience moderated the indirect association of perceived stress with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) severity via hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a retrospective index of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity.

Method: Participants included 228 adults (73 White, 86 Hispanic, 69 African American; mean age 45.

Race moderates the association of perceived everyday discrimination and hair cortisol concentration.

The influence of discrimination on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function is considered to be more pronounced for racial minority versus majority groups, although empirical support for this argument is not strong. This study examined whether the association of perceived discrimination was more strongly associated with long-term, retrospective cortisol output (as measured by hair cortisol concentration [HCC]) among African American compared to White adults. Participants included 141 community-dwelling adults (72 White, 69 African American; mean age 45.