Biological predictors of mandibular asymmetries in children with mixed dentition.

Objectives: The objective was to investigate the severity of skeletal mandibular asymmetry in children with mixed dentition and other factors associated with asymmetry.

Method: The study was cross sectional, with stratified sampling according to malocclusion type consisting of 205 subjects with mixed dentition (median 10, interquartile range 9-11 years). There were 59 subjects presenting Class II/1, 77 Class II/2, and 69 Class III.

Secular trend of earlier onset and decelerated development of third molars: evidence from Croatia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the secular trend on development of third molars in 30 years period in Littoral region of Croatia. A total of 1103 panoramic radiographs of subjects aged from 6 to 18 years were analysed. First group comprised 531 panoramic radiographs (258 girls) taken from year period 1977 till 1979 and second group 572 radiographs (325 girls) taken from year period 2007 till 2009.

Secular trend in the development of permanent teeth in a population of Istria and the littoral region of Croatia.

The study evaluated secular trends in dental development during a period of 30 years, correlation between dental and chronological age in Istria and the littoral region of Croatia. The sample consisted of 1000 panoramic radiographs of children, aged 6-16 years (mean 10.0±1.

Presence of third molar germs in orthodontic patients with class II/2 and class III malocclusions.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of third molar germs in patients with Class II/2 and Class III malocclusions. The study comprised 146 examinees from Zagreb and Istria. Examinees with Class II/2 malocclusions amounted to 77 and those with Class III 69.

The reliability of chronological age determination by means of mandibular third molar development in subjects in Croatia.

The aim of this study was to determine the development of the mandibular third molar and its relation to chronological age. The evaluated material consisted of 979 orthopantomograms of patients of Croatian Caucasian origin aged between 5.7 and 14.

Teeth eruption in children with normal occlusion and malocclusion.

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in eruption of permanent teeth (C, P1, P2 and M2) in a group of children with and without malocclusion. A sample of 1758 children (921 boys and 837 girls), aged 8-13 was randomly selected. The subjects were grouped by chronological age (11 groups) and by presence of malocclusion.

Correlation between the pattern of facial growth and the position of the mandibular third molar.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between variables that determine the position of the third molar (M3) and correlation between the pattern of facial growth and examined variables.

Materials And Methods: Material for the study consisted of 130 panoramic radiographs and lateral radiographs of subjects' heads in whom orthodontic therapy had been started. Analysis of the position of the mandibular M3 and its relation to the bone and other teeth were determined by 4 variables: evaluation of the space for both M3, spatial relation between the second molar and M3, vertical position of the M3 in relation to the alveolar ridge, and inclination of the germ of the M3.

A comparison of methods for predicting the size of unerupted permanent canines and premolars.

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of eight methods for determining the mesio-distal crown diameters (MDD) of the permanent canines and premolars (C, P(1), and P(2)). The study models of 120 children (60 boys and 60 girls) aged from 14 to 18 years treated in orthodontic clinics were measured using Seipel's method, with callipers accurate to 0.01 mm.

[Angle class I malocclusion in primary dentition and findings in permanent dentition--a follow-up study].

The aim of the study was to examine stability and changes in Angle Class I malocclusion from deciduous to permanent dentition in 168 subjects. All the subjects had Class I malocclusion in deciduous dentition, and were examined by the same orthodontist on two occasions during deciduous and permanent dentition. None of the subjects had received orthodontic therapy in the meantime.

[Verification of maxillary and mandibular asymmetry via orthopantogram's analysis].

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyse the homologous variables' symmetry (horizontal, vertical, angular and of area surface) of the right and left segment in the maxilla and in the mandible of subjects with a normal occlusion and a malocclusion.

Methods: Two-hundred and two orthopantomograms were analysed (162 with malocclusion, 40 with normal occlusion). These points of reference were used: orbital, condilion, gonion, menton, point A (intersection point between the vertical line passing through the centre of the nasal septum and the horizontal line which links the 2 points O), point B (intersection point between the mandibular margin and the vertical line passing through point O) and point T (intersection point of A-Cn on the maxillary tuberosity).

Dental and minor physical anomalies in children with developmental disorders--a discriminant analysis.

A discriminant analysis was performed in a sample of 303 children with developmental disorders (DD) and 303 healthy controls (C) in order to test whether some oro-dental and physical minor anomalies could discriminate these groups of children. DD sample comprised 176 mentally retarded (MR) children. 70 children with impaired hearing (IH) and 57 children with impaired vision (IV).

Regression equations for determining mesiodistal crown diameters of canines and premolars.

In this study, regression equations (prediction equations) were established for the purpose of accurately predicting the widths of the crowns of unerupted canines (C) and premolars (P1 and P2) on the basis of the measured mesiodistal diameter (MDD) and vestibulooral diameter (VOD) of the crowns of the erupted central and lateral incisors (I1, I2) and first permanent molars (M1). On the plaster casts of 120 subjects (60 boys and 60 girls), MDD and VOD of the crowns of I1, I2, C, both P1 and P2, and M1 on both sides in both jaws were measured twice, with a time distance between measurements. Gradual regression equations were derived on the basis of the measurement results, by which the sums of the widths of crowns of C, P1, and P2 can be predicted using three to five predictors.

[Estimating facial asymmetries in individuals with malocclusion and normocclusion].

Background: The en face photographs taken in standard conditions were used to examine the facial symmetry in examinees with normocclusion and malocclusion.

Methods: A total of 80 examinees were included in the study (40 of whom had normocclusion and another 40 had malocclusion) without any prior orthodontic therapy. The face was divided into six squares by the mediosagittal line drawn through the Trihion, Glabella, Subnasals and Gnathion as well as by horizontal lines drawn through the same points.

[The demonstrative and information values of correlational methods in predicting the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the canine teeth and premolars].

Authors have analyzed the reliability of correlative methods with plaster-casts of 100 examines (50 boys and 50 girls) with permanent dentition, according to Moyers's and author's own methods, and methods of multiple regression analysis according to Bachmann and Traenkmann and collab., while anticipation of mesiodistal crown diameters of canines and premolar (C, P1, P2) in both jaws. The predictable amounts of crown width C, P1, P2 in the maxilla were larger than the measured on the model, according to the method: Moyers in 81% of cases, Legović in 67% of cases, Bachmann in 35% and Traenkmann and collab.

Longitudinal occlusal changes from primary to permanent dentition in children with normal primary occlusion.

This purpose of this research was to examine the stability of normal occlusion during the transition from primary to permanent dentition. The sample consisted of 128 children (83 boys and 45 girls) 4.5 to 5.

[The development of third molars in the children of Croatia].

The objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of third molars in children in Istria aged 7 to 18. There are 2350 panoramic radiographs of children in Istria that have been analysed and then divided into 7 age groups. In each of these groups there was the same number of boys and girls.

Body height and weight and respiratory diseases in skeletal Class II/1 orthodontic patients.

The aims of this study were to determine if there is an increased incidence of respiratory diseases in patients with Angle Class II/1 skeletal intermaxillary relationship in comparison to eugnathic patients and if there is a difference of body height and weight between them. The sample consisted of 60 eugnathic subjects and 88 subjects with Class II/1. Girls were examined at an age of 6, 7, 8, 10, 13 and 14 and boys at an age of 7, 8, 9, 11, 14 and 15.

Orthodontic anomalies in primary and permanent dentition--a longitudinal study.

This research has intention to examine the stability and the changes of the Classes from the period of primary to permanent dentition on longitudinally examined subjects. The sample consisted of 246 children (132 boys and 114 girls) with orthodontic anomalies in primary dentition that were not orthodontically treated until the ensuing visit made by the same orthodontist in permanent dentition. 71.

Development of third molars in children in Istria.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of third molars in children in Istria aged 7 to 18. The study was performed on 2350 panoramic radiographs of children in Istria that have been analysed and then divided into 7 age groups. Each of these groups consisted of the same number of boys and girls.

Comparison of dental maturity between two ethnic groups.

Dental maturity is one of the indicators of the craniofacial region growth and development. The aim of the study was to identify and compare dental growth and development in two ethnic groups. The material consisted of 480 orthopantomograms; 240 selected from orthodontic and dental patients from Zagreb (Croatia) and Damascus (Syria) each.

[Occlusal anomalies in the deciduous and mixed bites].

In 311 examines (177 boys and 134 girls) with primary dentition and 535 examinees (285 boys and 250 girls) with mixed dentition in Istria--Croatia, the frequency of orthodontic and occlusive anomalies in regard of space plane and premature extraction of c, m1 and m2 are investigated. The orthodontic anomalies are defected in 46.95%, premature loss in 11.

[Occlusal anomalies in the deciduous and mixed bites].

In 311 examinees (177 boys and 134 girls) with primary dentition and 535 examinees (285 boys and 250 girls) with mixed dentition in Istria--Croatia, the frequency of orthodontic and occlusal anomalies in regard of space plane and premature extraction of c, m1 and m2 are investigated. The orthodontic anomalies are fortified in 46.95%, premature loss in 11.

[The characteristics of third-molar development in children from 2 geographic areas of Croatia].

Background: The development differences of wisdom teeth in children in two geographical regions of Croatia (Istria and Slavonia) have been studied.

Methods: One thousand orthopantomograms have been analyzed (Istria: 574-280 boys and 294 girls; Slavonia: 426-210 boys and 216 girls); they were carried out in children aged from 6 years and 6 months to 12 years and 6 months, divided into six groups. All of them presented the following criteria: absence of numerical anomalies of permanent teeth (wisdom teeth not included), absence of extraction of permanent teeth and of different syndromes.

[The growth of certain craniofacial dimensions in regard to the development of normal occlusion and malocclusion in the period of mixed dentition].

The authors have analysed the growth of the craniofacial parameters zygion-zygion, eurvon-eurvon, glabella-opisthocranion, nasion-gnathion and nasion-prosthion with examinees aged 5 to 13 years with normal occlusion and malocclusion. No statistically significant differences in the growth of the analysed parameters in regard to the constancy or change of the examinee's orthodontic diagnosis in the period of mixed dentition have been found.