Initial experience with minimally invasive endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage in the setting of radiographic herniation.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can rapidly result in cerebral herniation, leading to poor neurologic outcomes or mortality. To date, neither decompressive hemicraniectomy (DH) nor hematoma evacuation have been conclusively shown to improve outcomes for comatose ICH patients presenting with cerebral herniation, with these patients largely excluded from clinical trials. Here we present the outcomes of a series of patients presenting with ICH and radiographic herniation who underwent emergent minimally invasive (MIS) ICH evacuation.

Rare presentations of COVID-19: PRES-like leukoencephalopathy and carotid thrombosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, and it is increasingly important that physicians recognize and understand its atypical presentations. Neurological symptoms such as anosmia, altered mental status, headache, and myalgias may arise due to direct injury to the nervous system or by indirectly precipitating coagulopathies. We present the first COVID-19 related cases of carotid artery thrombosis and acute PRES-like leukoencephalopathy with multifocal hemorrhage.

COVID-19 Is an Independent Risk Factor for Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an active worldwide pandemic with diverse complications. Stroke as a presentation has not been strongly associated with COVID-19. The authors aimed to retrospectively review a link between COVID-19 and acute stroke.

Disc Degeneration in Unfused Caudal Motion Segments Ten Years Following Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Hypothesis: The frequency of disc degeneration (DD) in the distal mobile segments will increase over time following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Design: Retrospective review of a prospective AIS registry.

Introduction: Durability of surgical outcomes is essential for maintenance of quality of life as well as for family decision making and for assessment of the value of a healthcare intervention.

Variant ataxia-telangiectasia presenting as primary-appearing dystonia in Canadian Mennonites.

Objective: To compare the phenotype of primary-appearing dystonia due to variant ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) with that of other dystonia ascertained for genetics research.

Methods: Movement disorder specialists examined 20 Canadian Mennonite adult probands with primary-appearing dystonia, as well as relatives in 4 families with parent-child transmission of dystonia. We screened for the exon 43 c.

Periscalene soft tissue: the new imaging hallmark in Erb palsy.

Background And Purpose: Pseudomeningocele is a well-known MR imaging finding in Erb palsy. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and imaging features of PST, a lesser known but, in our experience, more common finding in Erb palsy.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 37 subjects with Erb palsy from birth trauma.

Occipital artery-to-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass for treatment of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: the role of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography noninvasive optimal vessel analysis: technical case report.

Objective: Patients with partial or complete bilateral vertebral artery occlusion often present with signs and symptoms of transient ischemic attacks or infarction. Advances in phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging have led to noninvasive assessment of volumetric blood flow rates and direction that help in the workup and management of these patients.

Clinical Presentation: We present the case of a patient with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency without previous transient ischemic attacks or stroke.

PHACES association: a neuroradiologic review of 17 patients.

Background And Purpose: We present neuroradiologic findings in 17 patients with posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, and sternal or ventral defects (PHACES) association and identify those at highest risk of central nervous system (CNS) structural, cerebrovascular, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: Patients with PHACES association were identified in the Vascular Anomalies Program at New York University Medical Center from 1998 to 2007. Many patients were followed in conjunction with other specialists at the Birthmark Institute at Roosevelt Hospital.

Imaging of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer in acute optic neuritis.

Purpose: To demonstrate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT-3) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT-2) can be used to measure changes of the optic disc and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in eyes with acute retrobulbar optic neuritis that have no clinically apparent optic disc swelling. To correlate these findings with presentation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected optic nerve.

Methods: Eight consecutive patients with acute retrobulbar optic neuritis, who had no prior optic neuritis in either eye, were prospectively investigated at presentation and at between 1 and 3 months with clinical examination, OCT-3, HRT-2.

Hemispheric revascularization in the setting of carotid occlusion and subclavian steal: a diagnostic and management role for quantitative magnetic resonance angiography?

Objective: Advances in phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated the noninvasive assessment of blood flow rates and flow direction in patients with complex cerebrovascular disorders.

Methods: We describe a case of right hemispheric hypoperfusion in which, on noninvasive assessment with quantitative magnetic resonance angiography, the patient was found to harbor an occult subclavian steal with flow reversal in the left vertebral artery.

Results: The presence of posterior communicating arteries noted on quantitative magnetic resonance angiography suggested that normalization of flow in the vertebral arteries by treating the subclavian occlusion could improve flow in the anterior circulation.

Transarterial embolization of vein of Galen malformations: the use of magnetic resonance imaging noninvasive optimal vessel analysis to quantify shunt reduction. Report of two cases.

In patients with vein of Galen malformations, high-flow shunting decreases cerebral perfusion. By reducing or eliminating these shunts, transarterial embolization can improve cerebral perfusion and clinical outcomes. Quantifying pre- and postembolization shunt blood flow may help determine the optimal timing and efficacy of embolization and may provide prognostic information.

Cumulative incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in long-term survivors of medulloblastoma.

Object: The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in children treated for medulloblastoma.

Methods: A retrospective chart and film review was performed for all patients treated for medulloblastoma at the Insitute for Neurology and Neurosurgery/Beth Israel Medical Center between August 1996 and the present. The clinical and radiographic histories of pediatric patients (ages 3-21 years at diagnosis) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of medulloblastoma who received craniospinal radiation therapy were reviewed.

Magnetic resonance imaging of obstetrical brachial plexus injuries.

Objective: We reviewed MR imaging in infants with Erb's palsy. The goal was to determine the effectiveness of MR imaging in predicting operative findings for these infants.

Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age: 14.

Optic neuritis: correlation of pain and magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To demonstrate whether the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localization of the abnormal enhancement of the optic nerve can be related to the pain or pattern of visual field loss associated with acute optic neuritis.

Design: Retrospective observational series and MRI review from a referral neuro-ophthalmology service.

Participants: Seventy-three women and 23 men with acute optic neuritis who had high resolution gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed MRI within twenty days of the onset of visual loss.

Acute occipital demyelinating lesion appearing as an infarct on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To report a case of a 27-year-old woman who presented with an acute right homonymous visual field deficit due to demyelination diagnosed by postprocessing analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design: Observational case report.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis with an exponential diffusion-weighted imaging.

Contrast-enhanced MRI in acute optic neuritis: relationship to visual performance.

The location and extent of an abnormal signal on MRI of the optic nerve affected by optic neuritis are said to correlate with the severity of initial visual loss and recovery. We used gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed MRI to show abnormal enhancement of the optic nerve to determine the sensitivity of this modality in acute optic neuritis and whether the abnormal enhancement correlates with presenting visual deficits or recovery. A total of 107 patients, 93 with follow-up (68 steroid treated), were included; 101 patients had enhancement of the affected optic nerve and no unaffected nerve enhanced.

MR imaging characteristics of amyloid deposits in pituitary adenoma.

Although cases of pituitary adenomas containing amyloid deposits have been described in the literature, to our knowledge this is the first report to describe MR imaging characteristics of a pituitary adenoma containing almost entirely amyloid tissue.

Vertebral osteoid osteoma masquerading as a malignant bone or soft-tissue tumor on MRI.

Purpose: Four pediatric patients were sent to our institution with the diagnosis of soft-tissue/malignant bone tumor. In all cases an MRI was the initial study performed for neck or back pain. All were surgically proven to have an osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma (OO) as a final diagnosis.

Imaging of the brain in the HIV-positive child.

The prevalence of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection around the world, coupled with increasing population movement, make it likely that many physicians will treat HIV-infected patients. New treatment protocols for the specific manifestations of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) make distinguishing the different neurological diseases of great importance. The pattern of disease in children differs from those of adults both in its distribution and etiology.

Radiologic features of pediatric thalamic and hypothalamic tumors.

A variety of histologic subtypes of tumor may affect the thalamus and the hypothalamus in the pediatric population. These tumors have radiologic features that are useful in predicting pathology. We discuss the radiologic findings of childhood thalamic and hypothalamic tumors and provide imaging examples.

Treatment of intracranial ependymoma by surgery alone.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety of deferring radiotherapy in pediatric intracranial ependymoma following a radiographically confirmed gross total resection in patients with localized disease.

Methods: Children over age 3 were recruited prospectively from 1990 to 1997, following a surgical impression and radiologic confirmation of a gross total resection of an intracranial ependymoma.

Results: 10/32 cases of intracranial ependymomas were both eligible and gave consent.

MRI features of intracranial and spinal ependymomas.

Intracranial and intraspinal ependymomas are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system. These tumors have a variety of imaging characteristics, some of which are fairly specific for ependymoma. We discuss the MRI features of ependymomas for each of the typical locations within the neuraxis, and provide MR imaging examples.

A CT scan technique for quantitative volumetric assessment of the mandible after distraction osteogenesis.

Distraction osteogenesis has become an accepted method of treatment for patients requiring reconstruction of hypoplastic mandibles. We present a quantitative analysis of volumetric changes after distraction osteogenesis in a series of 10 patients. Group I (n = 5 patients, 3 unilateral craniofacial microsomia, 1 Goldenhaar syndrome, and 1 bilateral craniofacial microsomia) underwent unilateral distraction of the mandible.