Exploring the use of ground-based remote sensing to identify new particle formation events: A case study in the Beijing area.

New Particle Formation (NPF) is an important process of secondary aerosol production in the atmosphere, which has significant impacts on the Earth's radiation balance, air quality, and climate change. In this study, we develop a method to identify NPF events based on ground-based remote sensing. We propose a proxy to characterize NPF events utilizing ground-based remote sensing of gaseous precursors and aerosol optical depth (AOD).

An improved meteorological variables-based aerosol optical depth estimation method by combining a physical mechanism model with a two-stage model.

A two-stage model integrating a spatiotemporal linear mixed effect (STLME) and a geographic weight regression (GWR) model is proposed to improve the meteorological variables-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval method (Elterman retrieval model-ERM). The proposed model is referred to as the STG-ERM model. The STG-ERM model is applied over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China for the years 2019 and 2020.

Long-term PM pollution over China: Identification of PM pollution hotspots and source contributions.

Fine particulate matter, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM), is a severe problem in China. The lack of ground-based measurements and its sparse distribution obstruct long-term air pollution impact studies over China.

Comment on Abdul Jabbar et al. Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study. 2022, , 7534.

This comment discusses the use of PM (mass concentration of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) data in the recently published article entitled "Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study" by Abdul Jabbar et al. [.

Spatiotemporal changes in aerosols over Bangladesh using 18 years of MODIS and reanalysis data.

In this study, combined Dark Target and Deep Blue (DTB) aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD) data the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying on the Terra and Aqua satellites during the years 2003-2020 are used as a reference to assess the performance of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services (CAMS) and the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) AOD over Bangladesh. The study also investigates long-term spatiotemporal variations and trends in AOD, and determines the relative contributions from different aerosol species (black carbon: BC, dust, organic carbon: OC, sea salt: SS, and sulfate) and anthropogenic emissions to the total AOD. As the evaluations suggest higher accuracy for CAMS than for MERRA-2, CAMS is used for further analysis of AOD over Bangladesh.

Prospective associations between pain at multiple sites and falls among community-dwelling older Australians.

Background: Pain at multiple sites is prevalent among older people. However, studies investigating the relationship between pain and falls focus largely on single-site pain.

Aim: To examine the association between pain at multiple sites and falls among community-dwelling older Australians.

The association between pain and prevalent and incident motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults.

Background: The Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia syndrome characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and slow gait in the absence of dementia and mobility disability. Worse cognitive and motoric function is associated with chronic pain in older adults. Our aim was to study the association between pain and prevalent and incident MCR in adults aged 65 years and older.

The Effect of Pain on Major Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.

Older adults frequently report pain; cross-sectional studies have shown that pain is associated with worse cognitive function. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. We prospectively studied 441 participants without dementia, including 285 with pain, aged 65 years and older, enrolled in the Central Control of Mobility in Aging study, a prospective cohort study.

Chronic Pain and Attention in Older Community-Dwelling Adults.

Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional relationship between chronic pain and complex attention in a population of community-living older adults.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Population-based Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly of Boston Study II.

Novel insights on new particle formation derived from a pan-european observing system.

The formation of new atmospheric particles involves an initial step forming stable clusters less than a nanometre in size (<~1 nm), followed by growth into quasi-stable aerosol particles a few nanometres (~1-10 nm) and larger (>~10 nm). Although at times, the same species can be responsible for both processes, it is thought that more generally each step comprises differing chemical contributors. Here, we present a novel analysis of measurements from a unique multi-station ground-based observing system which reveals new insights into continental-scale patterns associated with new particle formation.

Pain severity and pharmacologic pain management among community-living older adults: the MOBILIZE Boston study.

Background: Concerns about polypharmacy and medication side effects contribute to undertreatment of geriatric pain. This study examines use and effects of pharmacologic treatment for persistent pain in older adults.

Methods: The MOBILIZE Boston Study included 765 adults aged ≥70 years, living in the Boston area, recruited from 2005 to 2008.

Measuring attention in very old adults using the Test of Everyday Attention.

There is a need for validated measures of attention for use in longitudinal studies of older populations. We studied 249 participants aged 80 to 101 years using the population-based MOBILIZE Boston Study. Four subscales of the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) were included, measuring attention switching, selective, sustained and divided attention and a neuropsychological battery including validated measures of multiple cognitive domains measuring attention, executive function and memory.

Pain and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Living in the Community.

Background: Pain related to many age-related chronic conditions is a burdensome problem in elderly adults and may also interfere with cognitive functioning. The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between measures of pain severity and pain interference and cognitive performance in community-living older adults.

Methods: We studied 765 participants in the Maintenance of Balance Independent Living Intellect and Zest (MOBILIZE) Boston Study, a population-based study of persons aged 70 and older.

The association between somatization and disability in primary care patients.

Background: Patient encounters for medically unexplained physical symptoms are common in primary health care. Somatization ('experiencing and reporting unexplained somatic symptoms') may indicate concurrent or future disability but this may also partly be caused by psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between somatization and disability in primary care patients with and without anxiety or depressive disorder.

Investigating primary marine aerosol properties: CCN activity of sea salt and mixed inorganic-organic particles.

Sea spray particles ejected as a result of bubbles bursting from artificial seawater containing salt and organic matter in a stainless steel tank were sampled for size distribution, morphology, and cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity. Bubbles were generated either by aeration through a diffuser or by water jet impingement on the seawater surface. Three objectives were addressed in this study.

Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge.

The current knowledge in primary and secondary marine aerosol formation is reviewed. For primary marine aerosol source functions, recent source functions have demonstrated a significant flux of submicrometre particles down to radii of 20 nm. Moreover, the source functions derived from different techniques up to 10 microm have come within a factor of two of each other.

An unbiased and efficient computerised tomography method to quantify muscle and adipose tissue volume in neuromuscular patients.

The objective was to evaluate the applicability and reliability of an unbiased stereological computerised tomography (CT) method for estimating total human body (HB), skeletal muscle (SM) and adipose tissue (AT) volumes in groups of neuromuscular patients. In 10 neuromuscular patients HB, SM and AT volumes were estimated using systematic sampling on equidistant CT sections throughout the total body axis using a counting grid with systematically ordered intersection points. Each intersection point hitting HB, SM or AT represented a known volume dependent on intersection point distance and sum of section thickness and gap.

Atmospheric refraction effects on optical-infrared sensor performance in a littoral-maritime environment.

During a number of transmission experiments over littoral waters, quantitative measurements of atmospheric refraction phenomena were carried out to determine the range performance of optical-IR sensors. Examples of distortion and intensity gain generated by spatial variations of the atmospheric refractive index are shown. A high-precision ray-tracing model has been developed for better understanding of the phenomena and to satisfy the requirements for accuracy of the meteorological data used in refraction models.

Low-altitude infrared propagation in a coastal zone: refraction and scattering.

Midwave and long-wave infrared propagation were measured in the marine atmosphere close to the surface of the ocean. Data were collected near San Diego Bay for two weeks in November 1996 over a 15-km horizontal path. The data are interpreted in terms of effects expected from molecules, aerosol particles, and refraction.