Buprenorphine in the emergency department: Randomized clinical controlled trial of clonidine versus buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal.

Objective: To compare buprenorphine to clonidine for the treatment of opioid withdrawal in the emergency department (ED) and to study the effect assigned treatment medication had on longer-term addiction treatment outcomes.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Toronto, Ont.