Beyond the bias! Sex distribution in paediatric growth hormone deficiency reexamined.

Objectives: Various biases pertaining to stature account for a male sex predominance in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) cases diagnosed by endocrinology clinics. This manuscript will assess the sex distribution when biases are minimised.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted on patients diagnosed with GHD between 3 and 16 years of age.

The utility of a random cortisol level in determining neonatal central adrenal insufficiency.

Objectives: While it has been established within the first 4 months of life that there is no circadian rhythm, what is unclear is the usefulness of a random serum cortisol (rSC) level in determining neonatal central adrenal insufficiency (CAI). The objective of the study is to determine the utility of using rSC in infants less than 4 months old in the evaluation of CAI.

Design And Patients: Retrospective chart review of infants who underwent a low dose cosyntropin stimulation test ≤4 months of life with rSC taken as baseline cortisol before stimulation.

The necessity of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pediatric growth hormone deficiency: Lessons from a large academic center.

Background: Current guidelines indiscriminately recommend magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland in pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The relationship between abnormal MRI, most importantly a tumor, and peak GH levels is not well known.

Methods: In this retrospective chart review, pituitary MRI results of children, ages of 3-16 years with GHD were collected and divided into 3 groups according to peak stimulated GH levels; ≤5, 5-7.

Evidence of Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1D). Urinary markers of renal damage or oxidative stress may signal early stages of DN. The association of these markers with blood pressure (BP) patterns and glycemic variability (GV) in children is yet to be explored.

The utility of a random growth hormone level in determining neonatal growth hormone sufficiency.

Background: Random growth hormone (GH) levels have been used in the neonate to investigate congenital growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The cut-off value for use in this diagnosis is yet to be established.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all random GH levels obtained in neonates ≤28 days of age.

Multi-disciplinary weight management compared to routine care in youth with obesity: what else should be monitored?

Purpose: Efficacy of multi-disciplinary weight management (MDM) in youth has not been compared to their routine care.

Objectives: To compare body mass index z-score (zBMI) and blood test (lab) changes (Δ) in youth before and after MDM and to correlate bio-impedance analysis (BIA) and lab measurements.

Methods: We compared zBMI Δ (from referring providers' records), within 3 months prior to MDM, to monthly zBMI Δ after MDM, in a retrospective cohort of youth at a tertiary MDM center.

ABM Clinical Protocol #27: Breastfeeding an Infant or Young Child with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes.

A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.