Primary and "Pre-Primary" Aldosteronism in Resistant Hypertension: A Practical, Pragmatic, and Prudent Approach in Resource-Limited Milieu.

Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA), once considered rare, is now recognized as the most common cause of secondary hypertension, accounting for almost a quarter of resistant hypertension (RH) cases. Despite this, PA remains underdiagnosed, with an extremely low percentage of RH patients undergoing screening. Methods In a specialty diabetes-endocrinology clinic, the aldosterone:renin ratio (ARR) was assessed in 115 consecutive RH patients (ages 21-93 years; 47% male; 87% with type 2 diabetes).

Early-onset diabetes mellitus as a presenting feature of Werner's syndrome in an Indian family.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and adolescents is typically caused by type 1 DM, followed by type 2 DM and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We report an unusual Asian Indian family in which three members presented with DM at ages 15, 20, and 30, but not fitting the typical clinical picture of type 1 DM, type 2 DM, or MODY. The primary objective was to elucidate the molecular genetic basis of DM in this family.