The Complexities of Nurses' Pain Assessment in Hospitalized Preverbal Children.

Background: Preverbal children are at increased risk for underassessment of pain. Pain is a social transaction involving the child in pain and the nurse assessor. However, our understanding of the nurse's part in this transaction is limited.

Health-related quality of life and orthosis use in a Swedish population with arthrogryposis.

Background: Joint contractures are the main characteristics for children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Orthoses are often used to enable or facilitate walking.

Objectives: To describe health-related quality of life in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and satisfaction with orthoses in those using orthoses.

The measurement properties of pediatric observational pain scales: A systematic review of reviews.

Background: Valid observational pain scales are needed to assess pain and ensure sufficient treatment of pain in children that lack the verbal ability to self-report pain. Published reviews attempt to synthesize results from primary studies validating these scales and based on the findings recommendations may be given, for example which pain scales are the most appropriate for use in different pediatric populations.

Objectives: The aims of this review were to describe how systematic reviews have evaluated and recommended observational pain scales for use in children aged 0-18 years and appraise the evidence underlying these recommendations.

The COMFORT behavioural scale provides a useful assessment of sedation, pain and distress in toddlers undergoing minor elective surgery.

Aim: The COMFORT behavioural scale was developed to assess sedation, pain and distress in children unable to report pain. Our aims were to test construct validity of the scale in toddlers undergoing minor surgery and determine the inter-rater reliability of the scale.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled 45 children aged 12-36 months from a Norwegian surgical outpatient care unit.

Creating an environment for patient safety and teamwork training in the operating theatre: A quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Positive safety and a teamwork climate in the training environment may be a precursor for successful teamwork training. This pilot project aimed to implement and test whether a new interdisciplinary and team-based approach would result in a positive training climate in the operating theatre.

Method: A 3-day educational module for training the complete surgical team of specialist nursing students and residents in safe teamwork skills in an authentic operative theatre, named Co-Op, was implemented in a university hospital.

Cultural adaptation of patient and observational outcome measures: a methodological example using the COMFORT behavioral rating scale.

Background: There is little empirical evidence regarding the translation and cultural adaptation of self-report and observational outcome measures. Studies that evaluate and further develop existing practices are needed.

Objectives: This study explores the use of cognitive interviews in the translation and cultural adaptation of observational measures, using the COMFORT behavioral scale as an example, and demonstrates a structured approach to the analysis of data from cognitive interviews.

Nurses in paediatric care--self-reported professional self and perceived research utilization.

The aim was to describe how nurses in different professional levels evaluated their professional self and perceived barriers to research utilization in paediatric care. The sample consisted of three groups of nurses: control, trainee and specialists (n = 113) employed at two Paediatric University hospitals in Sweden. The control and trainee groups were nurses with a general education and the specialists had a specialist education in paediatric care.

Professional roles and research utilization in paediatric care: newly graduated nurses experiences.

The aim of the study was to describe and analyse how newly graduated nurses perceive themselves as professionals and their perceptions of barriers to research utilization when starting to work within paediatric care. The nurses were employed in two paediatric university hospitals in Sweden and had been working as staff nurses for 1-3 months. They answered two questionnaires: The Professional Self-Description Form and the Barriers Scale.

The opinions of clinical staff regarding neonatal procedural pain in two Norwegian neonatal intensive care units.

Aim: Neonates are subjected to numerous painful procedures without sufficient pain management. The aim of this study was to describe the opinions of Norwegian physicians, nurses and nurse assistants who care for neonates, regarding procedural pain in neonates.

Methods: A replication of a previous questionnaire study was conducted in two Norwegian neonatal intensive care units (NICU's).

Sensory and affective components of pain as recorded with the Pain-O-Meter (POM) among children with acute and chronic pain.

Aim: To explore the usefulness of the Pain-O-Meter sensory and affective words scale (POM-WDS) with regard to whether children aged 6-16 who suffer from chronic and acute pain know the words and what words they chose to describe their pain.

Methods: Sixty-one children participated, mean age 11 y, suffering from acute pain (n=25) and pain associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, n=36). Children rated their pain intensity on the POM-VAS (visual analogue scale, 0-10 cm).