Prevalence and genetic characterization of clinically relevant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

Introduction: Among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), (), such as () and (), are the most clinically relevant pathogens in healthcare settings. Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. The escalating global prevalence of MDR in has led to limited treatment options, raising an urgent need for novel antimicrobial therapy(s) and detailed studies exploring underlying resistance mechanisms.