Correction to: Carfentanil: a narrative review of its pharmacology and public health concerns.

In the article entitled: "Carfentanil: a narrative review of its pharmacology and public health concerns" published online and in the April 2019 issue of the Journal, Can J Anesth 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-019-01294-y , the Figure showed the wrong structures for remifentanil and carfentanil.

Carfentanil: a narrative review of its pharmacology and public health concerns.

Carfentanil is a synthetic fentanyl analogue approved for veterinary use. It is a mu-opioid receptor agonist with an estimated analgesic potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 20-30 times that of fentanyl, based on animal studies. Since 2016, an increasing number of reports describe detection of carfentanil in the illicit drug supply.

Remote sensing and in situ measurements of methane and ammonia emissions from a megacity dairy complex: Chino, CA.

Methane (CH) and ammonia (NH) directly and indirectly affect the atmospheric radiative balance with the latter leading to aerosol generation. Both have important spectral features in the Thermal InfraRed (TIR) that can be studied by remote sensing, with NH allowing discrimination of husbandry from other CH sources. Airborne hyperspectral imagery was collected for the Chino Dairy Complex in the Los Angeles Basin as well as in situ CH, carbon dioxide (CO) and NH data.

Impact of Reported Beta-Lactam Allergy on Inpatient Outcomes: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Reported allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is common and often leads to unnecessary avoidance in patients who could tolerate these antibiotics. We prospectively evaluated the impact of these reported allergies on clinical outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a trainee-led prospective cohort study to determine the burden and clinical impact of reported beta-lactam allergy on patients seen by infectious diseases consultation services at 3 academic hospitals.

Optical re-injection in cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy.

Non-mode-matched cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometry (e.g., cavity ringdown spectroscopy and integrated cavity output spectroscopy) is commonly used for the ultrasensitive detection of trace gases.

Fast in situ airborne measurement of ammonia using a mid-infrared off-axis ICOS spectrometer.

A new ammonia (NH3) analyzer was developed based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy. Its feasibility was demonstrated by making tropospheric measurements in flights aboard the Department of Energy Gulfstream-1 aircraft. The ammonia analyzer consists of an optical cell, quantum-cascade laser, gas sampling system, control and data acquisition electronics, and analysis software.

The effect of personality dimensions on functional outcomes in mood disorders.

Introduction: Functional impairment associated with mood disorders may be related to a characteristic "profile" of normative personality dimensions.

Methods: Individuals (age ≥ 18 years) with MDD (n = 400) or BD (n = 317), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR), were enrolled in the IMDCP. Personality was evaluated with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and functionality with the Sheehan Disability Scale and Endicott Work Productivity Scale.

Characterizing the distribution of methane sources and cycling in the deep sea via in situ stable isotope analysis.

The capacity to make in situ geo-referenced measurements of methane concentration and stable isotopic composition (δ(13)C(CH4)) would greatly improve our understanding of the distribution and type of methane sources in the environment, allow refined determination of the extent to which microbial production and consumption contributes to methane cycling, and enable the testing of hypotheses about the sensitivity of methane cycling to changes in environmental conditions. In particular, characterizing biogeochemical methane cycling dynamics in the deep ocean is hampered by a number of challenges, especially in environments where high methane concentrations preclude intact recovery of undisturbed samples. To that end, we have developed an in situ analyzer capable of δ(13)C(CH4) measurements in the deep ocean.

Multimodality imaging in the evaluation of cardiovascular manifestations of malignancy.

Up to one third of the population will die as a direct result of cancer. Accurate and timely diagnosis of disease often requires multiple different approaches including the use of modern imaging techniques. Prompt recognition of adverse consequences of some anti-cancer therapies also requires a knowledge of the optimum imaging strategy for the problem at hand.

Ultra-high resolution resonant C-shaped aperture nano-tip.

We report a new optical near-field transducer comprised of a metallic nano-antenna extending from the ridge of a C-shaped metallic nano-aperture. Finite-difference time domain simulations predict that the C-aperture nano-tip (CAN-Tip) provides high intensity (650x), high optical resolution (~λ/60), and background-free near-field illumination at a wavelength of 980 nm. The CAN-Tip has an aperture resonance and tip antenna resonance which may be tuned independently, so the structure can be made resonant at ultraviolet wavelengths without being unduly small.

Mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-2 to increase IGF-I mRNA in intestinal subepithelial fibroblasts.

IGF-I, a known secretory product of intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs), is essential for the intestinotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Furthermore, GLP-2 increases IGF-I mRNA transcript levels in vitro in heterogeneous fetal rat intestinal cultures, as well as in vivo in the rodent small intestine. To determine the mechanism underlying the stimulatory effect of GLP-2 on intestinal IGF-I mRNA, murine ISEMF cells were placed into primary culture.

Prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation and pregnancy outcomes in mature female guinea pigs.

Preterm delivery occurs in approximately 10% of all pregnancies. Prenatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in these babies. Therefore, administration of multiple courses of sGCs became common practice.

Age-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in pulmonary arteries of endoglin heterozygous mice.

Endoglin is a TGF-beta superfamily receptor critical for endothelial cell function. Mutations in this gene are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type I (HHT1), and clinical signs of disease are generally more evident later in life. We previously showed that systemic vessels of adult Eng heterozygous (Eng(+/-)) mice exhibit increased vasorelaxation due to uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Differential sensitivities of CaV1.2 IIS5-S6 mutants to 1,4-dihydropyridine analogs.

1,4-Dihydropyridines (DHPs), L-type calcium channel (Ca(V)1) blockers, are known to interact with Ca(V)1.2 subunits through their binding site located at IIIS5-S6 and IVS6 regions. We recently identified two domain II residues (S666 and A752) critical for nifedipine blockade (Kwok et al.

Improved focused ion beam fabrication of near-field apertures using a silicon nitride membrane.

We report an improved fabrication method for C-shaped near-field apertures resonant in the near-IR regime. The apertures are created in a metal layer on a silicon nitride membrane using a focused ion beam and a through membrane milling technique that avoids two problems with fabricating very small apertures: gallium contamination and edge rounding. Finite-difference time-domain simulations predict a 63x more intense near field with a 2.

Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult male guinea pigs after prenatal stress at different stages of gestation.

Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that maternal stress during fetal development can lead to altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and behaviour postnatally. We have previously shown adult male guinea pigs that were born to mothers exposed to a stressor during the phase of rapid fetal brain growth (gestational days (GD) 50, 51 and 52; prenatal stress (PS)50) exhibit significantly increased basal plasma cortisol levels. In contrast, male guinea pig offspring whose mothers were exposed to stress later in gestation (GD60, 61 and 62; PS60) exhibited a significantly higher plasma cortisol response to activation of the HPA axis.

Radiologic differentiation of intraocular glass: evaluation of imaging techniques, glass types, size, and effect of intraocular hemorrhage.

Objective: The accurate detection of intraocular foreign bodies is critically important in treating ocular trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CT, MR imaging, and sonography in detecting seven types of glass varying in size and placed in three locations in the globe, and to examine the effect of intraocular hemorrhage.

Materials And Methods: Glass pieces were cut into 1.

Sudden painless visual loss.

Common signs and symptoms of temporal arteritis include headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, anemia, and an elevated sedimentation rate (ESR). Severe complications can include blindness, retinal artery occlusion, and optic neuropathy. While temporal arteritis may be suggested by patient history, other causes that can mimic its presentation must be considered, especially when visual loss occurs in the setting of a normal funduscopic exam.