Evaluation of pharmacokinetic target attainment and hematological toxicity of linezolid in pediatric patients.

Background: Linezolid is commonly used to treat severe and/or resistant Gram-positive infections. Few studies have assessed its pharmacokinetic (PK) target attainment in pediatrics.

Objective: To evaluate the percentage of pediatrics achieving the PK targets of linezolid with standard dosing regimens and to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with its hematologic toxicity.

Novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors as monotherapy versus combination for the treatment of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: Data comparing the clinical outcomes of novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors given in combination versus monotherapy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infections are lacking.

Method: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination for the treatment of MDR P.

Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Versus Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a Multicenter Cohort Study.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) are two novel antimicrobials that retain activity against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The comparative effectiveness and safety of C-T versus CAZ-AVI remain unknown. A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed in six tertiary centers in Saudi Arabia and included patients who received either C-T or CAZ-AVI for infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) P.

Ceftazidime-Avibactam versus Colistin for the Treatment of Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) to colistin-based regimen in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of inpatients who received either CAZ-AVI or intravenous colistin for treatment of infections due to CRE. The study was conducted in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one of the tertiary care university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Ceftazidime-avibactam for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Central Nervous System Infection in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Very limited experimental and clinical data are currently available regarding the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of ceftazidime-avibactam in adults. Nevertheless, up to our knowledge, there are no data of ceftazidime-avibactam use in central nervous system infections in pediatric patients. For that, here we describe our experience with the use of ceftazidime-avibactam in addition to intraventricular colistin in a pediatric patient diagnosed with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection due to multidrug-resistant P.

Evaluating the Inappropriate Prescribing and Utilization of Caspofungin, a Four-Year Analysis at a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

The appropriate use of antimicrobial agents improves clinical outcomes and reduces antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, data on inappropriate prescription and negative outcomes are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess the prescription appropriateness of Caspofungin at a tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia and the impact on mortality at 30 days.

Aerosolized plus intravenous colistin vs intravenous colistin alone for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of aerosolized (AER) plus intravenous (IV) colistin with IV colistin alone in patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with NP who received IV colistin alone or in combination with AER colistin. The primary endpoint was clinical cure at end of therapy.

Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Blockers With Severity of COVID-19: A Multicenter, Prospective Study.

Background: Speculations whether treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) predisposes to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or worsens its outcomes. This study assessed the association of ACE-I/ARB therapy with the development of severe COVID-19.

Methods: This multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and receiving one or more antihypertensive agents to manage either hypertension or cardiovascular disease.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a MERS-CoV Endemic Area.

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) reported 170,639 cases and 1430 deaths from COVID-19 since the first case emerged in the country on March 2 through June 25, 2020. The objective of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome observed among 99 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the largest academic hospital in KSA, and assess co-infection with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Methods: This single-center case series data included select epidemiological, clinical, radiological features and laboratory findings of all confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, KSA, from March 22 until May 31, 2020, followed through June 6, 2020.

Inhaled colistin for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: A real-life experience in tertiary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, has continued to rise over the last several decades. Parenteral administration of colistin results in poor alveolar penetration and subtherapeutic concentration; therefore, direct drug deposition at site of infection may improve the effectiveness while minimizing the systemic exposure. The aim of this study is to describe the safety and effectiveness of inhaled colistin for the treatment of NP caused by MDR Gram-negative pathogens.