No longer to be ignored: Hypophosphatemia following intravenous iron administration.

Intravenous iron supplementation is increasingly used to safely and effectively correct iron deficiency anemia, but some formulations are linked to a renal phosphate wasting syndrome which is mediated by fibroblast growth factor 23. Unawareness among prescribers and the nonspecific clinical symptoms of hypophosphatemia result in underreporting of this complication. Even though it is often an asymptomatic and self-limiting condition, accumulating evidence from case reports and dedicated randomized controlled trials show that IV iron induced hypophosphatemia may be associated with clinical symptoms.

Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses.

Objective: Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical variables influence total testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The relationship between these factors and "free" T remains unclear. We examined 21 sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical predictors influencing calculated free T (cFT) in community-dwelling men across ages.

Use of calculated free testosterone in men: advantages and limitations.

Purpose Of Review: Due to technical requirements and high cost, equilibrium dialysis-free testosterone (T) measurements are not commonly available in clinical practice. Clinicians rely on calculated free T (cFT) as a proxy. This review discusses using free T as a second-line assessment, highlighting its relevance in preventing misdiagnosis and overtreatment of male hypogonadism.

Male hypogonadism: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

Organic male hypogonadism due to irreversible hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) pathology is easily diagnosed and treated with testosterone-replacement therapy. However, controversy surrounds the global practice of prescribing testosterone to symptomatic men with low testosterone and non-gonadal factors reducing health status, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and ageing (ie, functional hypogonadism), but without identifiable HPT axis pathology. Health optimisation remains the gold-standard management strategy.

The Effect of Endurance Exercise on Semen Quality in Male Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Endurance exercise has the potential to affect reproductive function, with amenorrhea in female athletes. However, most studies focus on women. Evidence on the association between endurance exercise and male fertility is limited.

Evidence-based definition of hypoprolactinemia in European men aged 40-86 years: the European male ageing study.

Empirical evidence for a low normal or reference interval for serum prolactin (PRL) is lacking for men, while the implications of very low PRL levels for human health have never been studied. A clinical state of "PRL deficiency" has not been defined except in relation to lactation. Using data from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS), we analyzed the distribution of PRL in 3,369 community-dwelling European men, aged 40-80 years at phase-1 and free from acute illnesses.

Associations of Testosterone and Related Hormones With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses.

Background: Whether circulating sex hormones modulate mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in aging men is controversial.

Purpose: To clarify associations of sex hormones with these outcomes.

Data Sources: Systematic literature review to July 2019, with bridge searches to March 2024.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) as an indicator of leydig cell insufficiency (LCI) in Middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism: reference range and threshold.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a circulating biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity in men, also indicating Leydig Cell Insufficiency (LCI) and potential primary hypogonadism. Using results from large cohort studies we explore sources of biological and technical variance, and establish a reference range for adult men. It is constitutively secreted with little within-individual variation and reflects testicular capacity to produce testosterone.

Does testosterone influence the association between sleep and frailty in men: results from the European Male Aging Study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested an association between sleep disturbance and frailty. The mechanism is unknown, although it has been suggested that hormonal factors may play a role.

Methods: The aim was to determine the association between sleep duration, sleep quality and frailty, and to determine whether testosterone influenced this association.

Changes in bone and mineral homeostasis after short-term androgen deprivation therapy with or without androgen receptor signalling inhibitor - substudy of a single-centre, double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have an increased fracture risk. Exploring biomarkers for early bone loss detection is of great interest.

Methods: Pre-planned substudy of the ARNEO-trial (NCT03080116): a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial performed in high-risk PCa patients without bone metastases between March 2019 and April 2021.

Number of CAG repeats and mortality in middle aged and older men.

Design: The androgen receptor (AR) mediates peripheral effects of testosterone. Previous data suggests an association between the number of CAG repeats in exon-1 of the AR gene and AR transcriptional activity. The aim of this analysis was to determine the association between the number of AR CAG repeats and all-cause mortality in men and the influence of testosterone level on the association.

Factors Associated With Circulating Sex Hormones in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-analyses.

Background: Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting interpretation of testosterone measurements.

Purpose: To clarify factors associated with variations in sex hormone concentrations.

Data Sources: Systematic literature searches (to July 2019).

Testosterone Restores Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Bone Strength Following Early Puberty Suppression in a Mouse Model Mimicking the Clinical Strategy in Trans Boys.

Transgender youth increasingly present at pediatric gender services. Some of them receive long-term puberty suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) before starting gender-affirming hormones (GAH). The impact of GnRHa use started in early puberty on bone composition and bone mass accrual is unexplored.

Sarcopenia-defining parameters, but not sarcopenia, are associated with cognitive domains in middle-aged and older European men.

Background: Previous research suggests that sarcopenia is associated with lower cognitive functioning. Evidence on the longitudinal relationship between cognition and sarcopenia, according to the revised criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), is scarce. This study aimed to investigate both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sarcopenia and its defining parameters (muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance) and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older men.

The effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in Klinefelter syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent sex-hormone disorder, there is ongoing uncertainty about the often associated sex-hormone deficiency, its impact on common comorbidities, and therefore about prevention and treatment. In this study, we focus on bone loss, reported to occur in over 40% of KS patients, and the impact of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on this comorbidity.

Objectives: This single-center retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital compared the effect of treatment with TRT to no TRT on evolution of bone mineral density (BMD) in KS patients.

The Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 as a predictor of age-related morbidity: Findings from the EMAS cohort.

Background: Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a constitutive hormone secreted in men by the mature Leydig cells of the testes. It is an accurate biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, reflecting their total cell number and differentiation status.

Objectives: To determine the ability of INSL3 to predict hypogonadism and age-related morbidity using the EMAS cohort of older community-dwelling men.

Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: A systematic review.

Background: Low testosterone levels are frequently present in men with obesity and insulin resistance. Currently available treatment options (testosterone replacement therapy or lifestyle changes) hold possible risks or are insufficient. Since low testosterone levels are closely related to obesity and type 2 diabetes, treatment modalities for these conditions could result into improvement of testosterone levels.

Bone health in ageing men.

Osteoporosis does not only affect postmenopausal women, but also ageing men. The burden of disease is projected to increase with higher life expectancy both in females and males. Importantly, osteoporotic men remain more often undiagnosed and untreated compared to women.

Association of age, hormonal, and lifestyle factors with the Leydig cell biomarker INSL3 in aging men from the European Male Aging Study cohort.

Background: Aging in men is accompanied by a broad range of symptoms, including sexual dysfunction, cognitive and musculoskeletal decline, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, organ degeneration/failure, and increasing neoplasia, some of which are associated with declining levels of Leydig cell-produced testosterone. High natural biological variance, together with multiple factors that can modulate circulating testosterone concentration, may influence its interpretation and clinical implications. Insulin-like peptide 3 is a biomarker of Leydig cell function that might provide complementary information on testicular health and its downstream outcomes.

The number of androgen receptor CAG repeats and mortality in men.

Introduction: The androgen receptor (AR) mediates peripheral effects of testosterone. Evidence suggests that the number of CAG repeats in exon-1 of the AR gene negatively correlates with AR transcriptional activity. The aim of this analysis was to determine the association between CAG repeat number and mortality in men.