Infection history imprints prolonged changes to the epigenome, transcriptome and function of Kupffer cells.

Background & Aims: Liver macrophages fulfill various homeostatic functions and represent an essential line of defense against pathogenic insults. However, it remains unclear whether a history of infectious disease in the liver leads to long-term alterations to the liver macrophage compartment.

Methods: We utilized a curable model of parasitic infection invoked by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei to investigate whether infection history can durably reshape hepatic macrophage identity and function.

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Jordanian Pomegranate peels.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are owed to the unique phytochemical components present in pomegranate peels. Variations in the pomegranate cultivar, geographical region, and extraction methods significantly affect the phytochemical composition and concentrations of pomegranate fruits and their peels, hence their health outcomes.

Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation.

Microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are brain-resident self-renewing cells. Here, we examined the fate of microglia, BAMs, and recruited macrophages upon neuroinflammation and through resolution. Upon infection, Trypanosoma brucei parasites invaded the brain via its border regions, triggering brain barrier disruption and monocyte infiltration.

Metformin: A Growing Journey from Glycemic Control to the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Depression.

Metabolic stress, transduced as an altered cellular redox and energy status, presents as the main culprit in many diseases, including diabetes. However, its role in the pathology of neurological disorders is still not fully elucidated. Metformin, a biguanide compound, is an FDA approved antidiabetic drug generally used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.