Subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone was administered to groups of 20 male and 20 female Wistar rats at dietary levels of 0, 0.2, 1.0 and 5.

Evaluation of histological changes in the kidneys of the alloxan diabetic rat by means of factor analysis.

Renal histopathology data, obtained in a 3-month feeding study of the effects of different carbohydrates and polyols in the alloxan diabetic rat, have been subjected to factor analysis. The results indicate a primary and a secondary effect of the diabetic state on the kidney of the rat. The primary effect, the 'diabetes factor', was associated with hyperglycaemia and was responsible for dilatation of proximal and distal tubules in the cortex and the formation of dilated distal tubules with coarsely vacuolated, glycogen-containing epithelial cells.

Urine profile analysis by field desorption mass spectrometry, a technique for detecting metabolites of xenobiotics. Application to 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxytoluene.

A technique for the detection of biotransformation products of xenobiotics in crude urine extracts by field desorption mass spectrometric profile analysis is described. The method comprises determination of peak profiles of a series of blank and test samples using low resolution field desorption mass spectrometry, comparison of averaged peak profiles and noise reduction by means of Fisher and ratio weighting of peak intensities. Application of the technique to 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxytoluene has resulted in the detection of two hitherto unknown metabolites in rat urine.