Novel Therapeutics for Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

The current treatments for radioactive iodine (RAI) -refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) are evolving as cancer genomics are further understood. Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the first-line therapy for symptomatic or progressive disease; however, considerable adverse effects have spurred the development of targeted therapies for redifferentiation of iodine avidity and the treatment of RAI-refractory DTC. Next-generation sequencing allows for the use of tumor-targeted therapeutics, such as MEK1/2, BRAF, RET, and NTRK inhibitors.

High Prevalence of Autonomous Aldosterone Production in Hypertension: How to Identify and Treat It.

Purpose Of Review: Primary aldosteronism (PA) affects millions of individuals worldwide. When unrecognized, PA leads to cardiovascular and renal complications via mechanisms independent from those mediated by hypertension. In this review, we emphasize the importance of PA screening in at-risk populations, and we provide options for customized PA therapy, with consideration for a variety of clinical care settings.

Use of Main Renal Artery Clamping Predominates Over Minimal Clamping Techniques During Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Complex Tumors.

Introduction: Hilar clamping is often performed to facilitate robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). Minimal clamping techniques may reduce renal ischemia, including early unclamping, selective clamping, and off-clamp RPN. We assess the utilization of clamping techniques in a large international consortium of surgeons performing RPN for complex tumors.

Robotic nephrectomy for central renal tumors with intraoperative evaluation of tumor histology.

Patients undergoing nephrectomy for central renal tumors suspicious for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may carry a small risk of having transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) on final pathology, even in the absence of filling defects or abnormal cytology. We describe outcomes in such patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy for suspected RCC, with intraoperative specimen assessment to guide completion ureterectomy if TCC is present. Between September 2010 and August 2015, ten patients had central renal masses suspicious for RCC, which were not amenable to nephron-sparing surgery.

Delayed intracranial hemorrhage in the anticoagulated patient: A systematic review.

Background: A significant population of elderly Americans on warfarin is at risk for immediate and delayed intracranial hemorrhage. This qualitative systematic review ascertains the delayed intracranial hemorrhage risk associated with minor head injury and preinjury warfarin use.

Methods: A systematic review using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed in August 2014.