Effects of membrane relaxation rate on performance of pilot-scale membrane aerated biofilm reactors treating domestic wastewater.

The membranes of a Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR) function as bubble-less air diffusers and bio-carriers. Recent bench-scale experiments reported that the shape of membranes influenced the oxygen transfer and utilization rates, which in turn affected the pollutant removal performance of the MABR. In this study, two pilot-scale MABRs using multi-layer hollow fiber membranes with the relaxation rates of 0.

Gas-phase synthesis and characterization of CH4-loaded hydroquinone clathrates.

A CH(4)-loaded hydroquinone (HQ) clathrate was synthesized via a gas-phase reaction using the alpha-form of crystalline HQ and CH(4) gas at 12 MPa and room temperature. Solid-state (13)C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR and Raman spectroscopic measurements confirm the incorporation of CH(4) molecules into the cages of the HQ clathrate framework. The chemical analysis indicates that about 69% of the cages are filled by CH(4) molecules, that is, 0.

Hydrogen molecules trapped in interstitial host channels of alpha-hydroquinone.

Easy come, easy go: Hydroquinone forms a channel structure of cages with hydrogen-bonded hexagons. These may provide an ideal route for the fast inclusion and facile release of hydrogen molecules (see figure), which can lead to reversible hydrogen storage under mild conditions.