Evaluation and monitoring of eye findings in children exposed to Zika virus during gestation: 3 years of follow-up.

Introduction: Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a recently described disease. Our main objective was to evaluate and monitor, over 3 years, the ophthalmoscopic findings in children exposed to zika virus (ZIKV) during gestation.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2016 and May 2019.

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant and broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant community-acquired urinary tract infections in Rio de Janeiro: Impact of Escherichia coli genotypes ST69 and ST131.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). The increasing prevalence of CA-UTI caused by UPEC strains resistant to broad-spectrum drugs complicates clinical management of these infections. Here we assessed the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, genotypes and beta-lactamase genes among UPEC isolated from cases of CA-UTI in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during November 2015 to determine if the prevalence of drug-resistant CA-UTI is determined by multiple genotypes of resistant UPEC or dissemination of key lineages of UPEC.

Audiological Findings in Children Suspected to Have Been Exposed to the Zika Virus in the Intrauterine Period.

Objective: To evaluate auditory manifestations in children born to mothers who had exanthema during pregnancy, suspected to have been exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV).

Study Design: Prospective observational.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Experience in diagnosing congenital Zika syndrome in Brazilian children born to asymptomatic mothers.

Introduction: Typical symptoms of primary Zika virus infection are not specific and share similarities with other arbovirus infections such as dengue fever and chikungunya. As acute infection can be asymptomatic in up to 73% of cases, infants with microcephaly represent a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians. We describe the frequency of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Brazilian children born to asymptomatic pregnant mothers and its differential diagnosis.

Diversity of clonal types of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infections in intensive care neonatal patients in a large urban setting.

Background: Klebsiella infections are reported from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide, but data on their incidence and genetic diversity remain scarce.

Objective: We determined the incidence and genetic diversity of Klebsiella infections in NICU patients in Rio de Janeiro.

Methods: This was a prospective study including newborns admitted to NICU in three hospitals during April 2005-November 2006 and March 2008-February 2009.

Differences in gram-positive bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance among children in a high income inequality setting.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) diseases disproportionately affect populations in middle/low-income countries. To assess if this disparity is reflected in colonization by these organisms, we compared their colonization frequency among children from different socioeconomic status (SES) communities in a city with high income inequality.

Methods: Between May-August 2014, we collected nasal and throat swabs to investigate S.

Children Born to Mothers with Rash During Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: First 18 Months of Life.

Objective: To better understand the clinical spectrum and course of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) during the first 18 months of life of children whose mothers had rash during pregnancy.

Methods: This longitudinal observational study evaluated the clinical progress from birth until 18 months of life of children of mothers who developed rash during or up to 3 months before gestation. Maternal rash occurred from November 2015 to May 2017.

High-Level Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Birds in a Large Urban Environment.

Intensive clinical use of antibiotics together with inadequate sanitation in an urban environment may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in the community. Wild birds living in these areas may become colonized with such organisms and further disseminate these resistant bacteria. In this study, we examined Escherichia coli isolates from the intestine of wild birds in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for those expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and other drug resistances.

Retrospective analysis of risk factors and gaps in prevention strategies for mother-to-child HIV transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Despite great progress made in methods to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT), delivery and uptake of these measures remains a challenge in many countries. Although the Brazilian Ministry of Health aimed to eliminate MTCT by 2015, infection still occured in 15-24% of infants born to HIV-infected mothers. We sought to identify remaining factors that constrain MTCT elimination.

Recovered from Humans, Food, and Recreational Waters in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

is an important agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women, but information about this pathogen in human microbiota and in common environment is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize isolates from genitoanal microbiota of 621 pregnant women, 10 minas cheese packs, and five beaches in Rio de Janeiro city and compare PFGE profiles of these isolates with five UTI PFGE clusters described in this city. We investigated 65 isolates from microbiota, 13 from minas cheese, and 30 from beaches and 32 UTI isolates.

Emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii international clone II in Brazil: reflection of a global expansion.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii international clones (IC) in Curitiba, Brazil, using multilocus sequence typing and trilocus PCR-based typing schemes. IC2 was the first emerging clone. This IC was detected in an isolate from 2003 of a PFGE type spread in at least two hospitals since 1999.

Inverse association between Lancefield group G Streptococcus colonization and sore throat in slum and nonslum settings in Brazil.

Group G Streptococcus has been implicated as a causative agent of pharyngitis in outbreak situations, but its role in endemic disease remains elusive. We found an unexpected inverse association of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis colonization and sore throat in a study of 2,194 children of 3 to 15 years of age in Salvador, Brazil.