Surgical treatment of neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.

Purpose: This study aims to explore demographic disparities, regional and institutional variations, surgical timing, narcotic use, and management trends in neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) patients due to limited published literature.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database of NBPP patients who underwent surgery within the first 2 years of life. Patients were stratified into two groups based on age at surgery: ≤ 8 months and > 8 months.

Photogeneration and Direct Observation of a 2H-phosphirene and a Closed-shell Singlet Arylphosphenium Ion.

Phosphenium ions are highly reactive species with the formula of RR'P. Although phosphenium ions were proposed as the invaluable intermediates of various important chemical processes, the methods to generate and characterize them were very limited. In this study, a novel photoprecursor to give rise to the arylphosphenium ions, 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)phosphirane, was synthesized and investigated by femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies, photoproduct analysis, and density functional theory calculations.

Exploring the molecular design principles for efficient diarylethene photoacid and photohydride generators based on the photochemical reaction mechanism.

Photoacid generators (PAGs) and photohydride generators (PHGs) are specific photolabile protecting groups that release acid and hydride, respectively. Over the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel PAGs and PHGs with advanced efficiency, among which, two of the promising candidates are diarylethene (DAE)-based PAGs and PHGs, which release acids/hydrides during photochromic electrocyclization. The release quantum yield for PAGs is acceptable, while that of PHGs is only 4.

Controllable Photocleavage of Blebbistatin Derivatives as Photoremovable Protecting Groups.

Blebbistatin was demonstrated as a promising two-photon near-infrared activated photoremovable protecting group of hydroxyl radicals with various potential applications. However, the photocleavage mechanism of the blebbistatin derivatives remains ambiguous. Herein, blebbistatin derivatives with various electronic characteristic leaving groups were synthesized and studied, and the photocleavage mechanism(s) and the tunable effect of the leaving groups were unveiled by combining photoproduct analysis, reactive oxygen radical species detection, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation.

Myocarditis and pericarditis: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data.

Myocarditis and/or pericarditis (also known as myopericarditis) are inflammatory diseases involving the myocardium (with non-ischemic myocyte necrosis) and/or the pericardial sac. Myocarditis/pericarditis (MPC) may present with variable clinical signs, symptoms, etiologies and outcomes, including acute heart failure, sudden death, and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. Possible undiagnosed and/or subclinical acute myocarditis, with undefined potential for delayed manifestations, presents further challenges for diagnosing an acute disease and may go undetected in the setting of infection as well as adverse drug/vaccine reactions.

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the foot with associated macrosyndactyly: a case report.

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is a rare benign congenital overgrowth of fibroadipose tissue in the nerve sheath. While usually affecting the median nerve, the digits of the hands and feet are sometimes affected and may result in macrodactyly, which is referred to as macrodystrophia lipomatosa. We present a rare case of fibrolipomatous hamartoma in a 6-week-old female's foot with macrodactyly and syndactyly and discuss its presentation and radiologic features.

Improving End of Life Cancer Outcomes Through Development and Implementation of a Spiritual Care Advocate Program.

Background: Explored whether increased support for spiritual concerns between the healthcare team and patients through the provision of a Spiritual Care Advocate (SCA) would improve end of life outcomes in a metastatic cancer population.

Design: Newly diagnosed metastatic cancer patients were recruited at the University of Chicago Medical Center and received spiritual support from a Spiritual Care Advocate during chemotherapy treatments. The final sample consisted of 42 patients (58% of those approached) who completed the baseline survey and had known survival status.

Long-term Outcomes Following Vickers Ligament Release and Growth Modulation for the Treatment of Madelung Deformity.

Background: Madelung deformity arises from a partial distal radial growth disturbance in combination with an abnormal hypertrophic ligament spanning the volar radius and carpus, termed, the Vickers ligament. The purpose of this study is to report long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes following Vickers ligament release and distal radial physiolysis in a population of skeletally immature patients with symptomatic Madelung deformity.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed of patients with Madelung deformity surgically treated between 1994 and 2005.

Stable childhood osteochondral lesions of the talus: short-term radiographic outcomes suggest risk for early osteoarthritis.

Recent literature suggests that adults do not necessarily develop osteoarthritis if they have an osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). The purpose of this study was to determine if children with OLT are at risk to develop any radiographic evidence of early joint degeneration despite treatment efforts. Fifty-six ankles were identified over 6 years with stable OLT that underwent operative treatment.

Detection and Identification of Reaction Intermediates in the Photorearrangement of Pyridazine -Oxide: Discrepancies between Experiment and Theory.

Photolysis of pyridazine -oxide (PNO) results in the detection of a complex series of transient phenomena. On the ultrafast (fs) timescale, we could detect the decay of the first singlet excited state of PNO and the formation of a short-lived transient species, which, based on its time-resolved resonance Raman (TR) spectrum, we assign to oxaziridine 1,2-diaza-7-oxa-bicyclo[4.1.

Non-aromatic annulene-based aggregation-induced emission system via aromaticity reversal process.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon correlated closely with the excited-state intramolecular motions. Although AIE has attracted increasing attention due to the significant applications in biomedical and optoelectronics, an in-depth understanding of the excited-state intramolecular motion has yet to be fully developed. Here we found the non-aromatic annulene derivative of cyclooctatetrathiophene shows typical AIE phenomenon in spite of its rotor-free structure.

L3 translation predicts when L3 is not distal enough for an "ideal" result in Lenke 5 curves.

Purpose: Determining whether to fuse a Lenke 5 curve to L3 or to L4 is often a difficult decision. The purpose of this study was to determine preoperative variables predictive of an "ideal" or "less than ideal" outcome for Lenke 5 curves instrumented to L3.

Methods: A multicentre registry of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients was queried for surgically treated Lenke 5 curves with a lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) of L3 and minimum 2 years of follow-up.

Luminescent ruffled iridium(iii) porphyrin complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: structures, spectroscopies and potent antitumor activities under dark and light irradiation conditions.

A panel of iridium(iii) porphyrin complexes containing axial N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand(s) were synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structures of the bis-NHC complexes [Ir(ttp)(IMe)] (), [Ir(oep)(BIMe)] (), [Ir(oep)(I Pr)] () and [Ir(Ftpp)(IMe)] () display ruffled porphyrin rings with mesocarbon displacements of 0.483-0.

Deciphering the working mechanism of aggregation-induced emission of tetraphenylethylene derivatives by ultrafast spectroscopy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is the long-sought solution to the problem of aggregation-caused quenching that has hampered efficient application of fluorescent organic materials. An important goal on the way to fully understand the working mechanism of the AIE process was, for more than a decade, and still remains obtaining more comprehensive insights into the correlation between the ultrafast excited-state dynamics in tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based molecules and the AIE effect in them. Here we report a number of TPE-based derivatives with varying structural rigidities and AIE properties.

Large reversible caloric effect in FeRh thin films via a dual-stimulus multicaloric cycle.

Giant magnetocaloric materials are promising for solid-state refrigeration, as an alternative to hazardous gases used in conventional cooling devices. A giant magnetocaloric effect was discovered near room temperature in near-equiatomic FeRh alloys some years before the benchmark study in Gd5Si2Ge2 that launched the field. However, FeRh has attracted significantly less interest in cooling applications mainly due to irreversibility in magnetocaloric cycles associated with the large hysteresis of its first-order metamagnetic phase transition.

Perpendicular local magnetization under voltage control in Ni films on ferroelectric BaTiO₃ substrates.

High-resolution magnetoelectric imaging is used to demonstrate electrical control of the perpendicular local magnetization associated with 125 nm-wide magnetic stripe domains in 100-nm-thick Ni films. This magnetoelectric coupling is achieved in zero magnetic field using strain from ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrates to control perpendicular anisotropy imposed by the growth stress. These findings may be exploited for perpendicular recording in nanopatterned hybrid media.

Better futures: a randomized field test of a model for supporting young people in foster care with mental health challenges to participate in higher education.

The purpose of the study was to conduct a preliminary efficacy evaluation of the Better Futures model, which is focused on improving the postsecondary preparation and participation of youth in foster care with mental health challenges. Sixty-seven youth were randomized to either a control group that received typical services or an intervention group, which involved participation in a Summer Institute, individual peer coaching, and mentoring workshops. Findings indicate significant gains for the intervention group on measures of postsecondary participation, postsecondary and transition preparation, hope, self-determination, and mental health empowerment, as compared to the control group.

Hip internal rotation is correlated to radiographic findings of cam femoroacetabular impingement in collegiate football players.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether physical examinations (flexion-abduction-external rotation [FABER], impingement, range-of-motion profiles) could be used to detect the bony abnormalities of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in an athletic population.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of 65 male collegiate football players. Both hips were evaluated by 2 orthopaedic surgeons for radiographic signs of FAI.

Radiographic prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement in collegiate football players: AAOS Exhibit Selection.

Background: The prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement may be greater in athletes than in the general population because of increased loading of the hip during sports. This study evaluated the radiographs of collegiate football players in order to quantify the prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic athletes.

Methods: Sixty-seven male collegiate football players (age, 21 ± 1.

Vertebral artery hypoplasia: prevalence and reliability of identifying and grading its severity on magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the inter- and intraexaminer reliability of determining the prevalence of vertebral artery hypoplasia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the reliability of assigning a severity grading of mild, moderate, or marked hypoplasia.

Methods: Two chiropractic radiologists independently evaluated the MR images of 131 adult patients retrospectively for visual vertebral artery hypoplasia. Severity of hypoplastic was graded.

Resonance Raman intensity analysis of the excited state proton transfer dynamics of 2-nitrophenol in the charge-transfer band absorption.

Resonance Raman spectra were obtained for 2-nitrophenol in cyclohexane solution with excitation wavelengths in resonance with the charge-transfer (CT) proton transfer band absorption. These spectra indicate that the Franck-Condon region photodissociation dynamics have multidimensional character with motion along more than 15 normal modes: the nominal CCH bend+CC stretch nu(12) (1326 cm(-1)), the nominal CCC bend nu(23) (564 cm(-1)), the nominal CO stretch+NO stretch+CC stretch nu(14) (1250 cm(-1)), the nominal CCH bend+CC stretch+COH bend nu(15) (1190 cm(-1)); the nominal CCH bend+CC stretch nu(17) (1134 cm(-1)), the nominal CCC bend+CC stretch nu(22) (669 cm(-1)), the nominal CCN bend nu(27) (290 cm(-1)), the nominal NO(2) bend+CC stretch nu(21) (820 cm(-1)), the nominal CCO bend+CNO bend nu(25) (428 cm(-1)), the nominal CC stretch nu(7) (1590 cm(-1)), the nominal NO stretch nu(8) (1538 cm(-1)), the nominal CCC bend+NO(2) bend nu(20) (870 cm(-1)), the nominal CC stretch nu(6) (1617 cm(-1)), the nominal COH bend+CC stretch nu(11) (1382 cm(-1)), nominal CCH bend+CC stretch nu(9) (1472 cm(-1)). A preliminary resonance Raman intensity analysis was done and the results for 2-nitrophenol were compared to previously reported results for nitrobenzene, p-nitroaniline, and 2-hydroxyacetophenone.

Accelerated closure of biopsy-type wounds by mechanical stimulation.

Objective: To determine whether a device designed to provide low-intensity, low-frequency mechanical stimulation improves healing time of acute wounds.

Design: Repeated measures using mechanical stimulation on one side of a rat and sham stimulation on the contralateral side.

Setting: Academic animal facility.