Ethanol Extract of the Microalga Shows Hepatoprotective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice.

Acute liver failure is an infrequent yet fatal condition marked by rapid liver function decline, leading to abnormalities in blood clotting and cognitive impairment among individuals without prior liver ailments. The primary reasons for liver failure are infection with hepatitis virus or overdose of certain medicines, such as acetaminophen. (PT), a type of microalgae known as a diatom species, has been reported to contain an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects.

Development of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent and Immunochromatography Assays for Diagnosing Infection in Honey Bees.

() infection is prevalent globally, causing a decline in bee populations and significant economic losses to apiarists. Although several methods have been proposed for diagnosing infections, limitations in these methods have hindered their broad applications. Therefore, this current study aimed to develop a specialized method for diagnosing infections.

The Infection (Chalkbrood Disease) Alters the Gut Bacteriome Composition of the Honeybee.

The declining honeybee populations are a significant risk to the productivity and security of agriculture worldwide. Although there are many causes of these declines, parasites are a significant one. Disease glitches in honeybees have been identified in recent years and increasing attention has been paid to addressing the issue.

Topical application of celastrol alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms mediated through the regulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and group 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, of which incidence is closely related to exposure to environmental pollutants and allergens. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in the early stages of atopic dermatitis development by inducing Th2 immune responses. In addition, TSLP regulates activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), promoting the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

-phenylenediamine, an oxidative hair dye ingredient, increases thymic stromal lymphopoietin and proinflammatory cytokines causing acute dermatitis.

Due to high consumption of cosmetics in modern society, people are always exposed to the risk of skin damage and complications. -phenylenediamine (P-PD), an ingredient of hair dye, has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. However, the mechanism has not been well elucidated.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds extracted from lemon myrtle () leaves at various extraction conditions.

Lemon myrtle leaves were extracted with ethanol at different temperatures (25, 50, and 80 °C) and times (2, 4, 6, and 10 h) to examine the effect of extraction conditions on total polyphenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and amount of phenolic compounds. Under optimal extraction conditions (80 °C and 6 h), the values were 23.37%, 102.

Characteristics of wheat starch-pectin hydrolysate complexes by dry heat treatment.

The objective of this study was to characterize dry heat-induced wheat starch-pectin hydrolysate (WST/PH) complexes to develop the retrogradation-retarded starch. Native (N-) and protease-treated (P-) WST were used as starch sources. Pectin hydrolysates were mixed independently with N-WST and P-WST to a mixing ratio of 49:1 (based on total solid contents), followed by drying below 10% moisture and dry heat treatment at 130 °C for 4 h.

Sesamolin promotes cytolysis and migration activity of natural killer cells via dendritic cells.

The defense mechanism of the immune system is based on the interaction of many kinds of leukocytes. Among them, dendritic cells (DCs) control most immune responses. In our previous study, sesamolin was shown to create an optimal environment for natural killer (NK) cells to kill cancer cells.

Bee wax coated water-soluble fraction of bee venom improved altered glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of orally administered bee wax coated water-soluble fraction of bee venom (BWCBVA) drug over orally administered bee wax (BW) and intraperitoneally administered whole bee venom (BV) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes induced by intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg STZ was treated with BWCBVA, BW, and BV for 21 d. The biochemical, protein and histological changes, and physical characteristics of BWCBVA were then analyzed.

Risk Assessment of Drometrizole, a Cosmetic Ingredient used as an Ultraviolet Light Absorber.

As the use of cosmetics has greatly increased in a daily life, safety issues with cosmetic ingredients have drawn an attention. Drometrizole [2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole] is categorized as a sunscreen ingredient and is used in cosmetics and non-cosmetics as a UV light absorber. No significant toxicity has been observed in acute oral, inhalation, or dermal toxicity studies.

Sesamolin affects both natural killer cells and cancer cells in order to create an optimal environment for cancer cell sensitization.

In our previous study, we demonstrated that sesamolin can increase the level of cancer cell susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytolysis when it treats cancer cells. The present study attempted to demonstrate the direct influence of sesamolin on NK cells. To achieve the study goal, an NK cell (NK-92MI) or Raji cell was treated with sesamolin for use in the analysis of the cytolytic activity of NK cells.

Fucoxanthin bioavailability from fucoxanthin-fortified milk: In vivo and in vitro study.

Our previous study reported the improved stability of fucoxanthin (FX) fortified in whole milk (WM) and skimmed milk (SM). In this study, in vivo and in vitro FX bioavailability were investigated using FX-fortified milk (FX-SM and FX-WM) and microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum biomass (Pt-powder). Organ tissue accumulation of FX and its metabolites (FXOH: fucoxanthinol, AXA: amarouciaxanthin A) after repeated oral administration was in the following order: FX-SM > FX-WM > Pt-powder.

Preparation and Properties of WC-Based Alloy Coatings with Controlled Co and Cr via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spray Technique.

WC based alloy coatings included different mass percent of Co and Cr have been synthesized on high carbon steel by using a facile high velocity oxy-fuel spray method. The mechanical nature of the coating films has been investigated by micro vickers hardness and fracture toughness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX analyses indicate that the three different samples (WC-10Co-4Cr, WC-17Co, and WC-12Co) consist of pure WC, W, Cr, and Co constituents as well as W2C and Co6W6C phases.

Effect of the Spray Distance on the Properties of High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) Sprayed WC-12Co Coatings.

In this study influence of spray distance on the properties of WC-12Co coatings deposited by HVOF was investigated. WC-12Co coating was sprayed at spray distance of 300, 385 and 450 mm. From microstructure observation, it is confirmed that the porosity of coatings increases with increasing the spray distance.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress immature dendritic cell's migration by regulating CC chemokine receptor 1 expression.

The modulation of immature dendritic cells (iDCs), which involves processes such as phagocytosis, migration, and maturation, is considered a beneficial research theme. Once activated by an antigen, iDCs turn to mature DCs (mDCs) and migrate towards secondary lymphoid organs, and initiate the progress of cellular immunity. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are also thought to be a major modulator of cellular immunity.

Sesamolin enhances NK cell lysis activity by increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands on Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

Sesamolin and sesamin are representative lignans found in sesame seed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the anti-cancer activity of sesamolin achieved by increasing the expression level of NKG2D ligands on Raji cells, which are derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. The anti-cancer activity of sesamolin was also compared with that of sesamin.

Naringenin enhances NK cell lysis activity by increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands on Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

Natural killer (NK) cells are capable of identifying and killing tumor cells as well as virus infected cells without pre-sensitization. NK cells express activating and inhibitory receptors, and can distinguish between normal and tumor cells. The present study was designed to demonstrate the importance of the expression level of NKG2D ligands on the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Raji, in enhancing NK cell cytolytic activity.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Dendrobium nobile derived phenanthrenes in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.

Dendrobium nobile belongs to the Orchidaceae family and is one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we separated three phenanthrenes (ephemeranthol A (EA), 1,5,7-trimethoxyphenanthren-2-ol (TP), dehydroorchinol (DO)) from D. nobile, and compared their anti-inflammatory activities.

Development of NK cell expansion methods using feeder cells from human myelogenous leukemia cell line.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells constantly survey surrounding tissues and remove newly generated cancer cells, independent of cancer antigen recognition. Although there have been a number of attempts to apply NK cells for cancer therapy, clinical application has been somewhat limited because of the difficulty in preparing a sufficient number of NK cells. Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion is one of the important steps for developing NK cell therapeutics.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress CXCR4-mediated dendritic cell migration by regulation of maturation process.

Once activated by an infected pathogen, dendritic cells (DC's) migrate toward secondary lymphoid organs, and release inflammatory mediators. Therefore, in some case, mature DC's (mDC's) are considered to be potent inflammatory inducers. In this study we demonstrated that histone acetylation plays an important regulatory role in conserving the migration activity of the DC's.

Anti-inflammatory effects of dehydrogeijerin in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages.

In this study, we investigated whether Heracleum (H) moellendorffii Hance-derived dehydrogeijerin and geijerin could be used to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophage cell lines, Raw 264.7 cells. Dehydrogeijerin reduced nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production from LPS-stimulated Raw 264.

Suppression of T cell functions by hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have recently been shown to suppress inflammatory responses at much lower concentrations than that the concentrations that produce an antitumor effect. In the current study, the inhibitory activity of T cell functions by three different HDACis was compared, and the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activity were demonstrated. Trichostatin-A (TSA) and scriptaid (ST) had potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of T cells.

Importance of NKG2D-NKG2D ligands interaction for cytolytic activity of natural killer cell.

In this study, we investigate the relationship between natural killer (NK) cell susceptibility and the surface markers of cancer cells. Through phenotypic analysis, we found evidence that more susceptible cancer cell lines (K562 and Jurkat) express more NKG2D ligands. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related A/B (MIC-A/B) and UL16 binding protein (ULBP) 1-5 molecules are typical ligands of NKG2D.

Anti-inflammatory effects of eriodictyol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated raw 264.7 murine macrophages.

Flavonoids have biological activities including anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities shown from in vitro studies. Of these biological activities, the anti-inflammatory capacity of flavonoids has long been emphasized in Chinese medicine. In this study, I investigated that what flavonoid can be applied to the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages among the four similar structure flavonoids.

Video pneumatic otoscopy for the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss with normal tympanic membranes.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of video pneumatic otoscopy (VPO) for the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss (CHL) with normal tympanic membranes (TM).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital.