Electronically Controlled Dual-Wavelength Switchable SRS Fiber Amplifier in the NIR-II Region for Multispectral Photoacoustic Microscopy.

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a high-resolution and non-invasive imaging modality that provides optical absorption contrast. By employing dual- or multiple-wavelength excitation, PAM extends its capabilities to offer valuable spectroscopic information. To achieve efficient multispectral PAM imaging, an essential requirement is a light source characterized by a high repetition rate and switching rate, a ≈microjoule pulse energy, and a ≈nanosecond pulse duration.

The feasibility of utilizing the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) app to assess rEMA data across 30 days among those recovering from alcohol use disorders.

Preliminary data from a prospective micro-longitudinal study (30 days) that examined the co-evolution of return to use risk among people diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in residential substance treatment is presented. Data assessed the feasibility of using the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) responsive ecological momentary assessment (rEMA). rEMA collected daily estimates on affect, urges, sober-support engagement, and use.

Sliding Hydrogels Reveal the Modulation of Mechanosensing Attenuates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes in 3D.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalen degenerative joint disease with no FDA-approved therapies that can halt or reverse its progression. Current treatments address symptoms like pain and inflammation, but not underlying disease mechanisms. OA progression is marked by increased inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of the joint cartilage.

O Cleavage at a Preorganized Triiron Cluster.

In Nature, the four-electron reduction of O is catalyzed at preorganized multimetallic active sites. These complex active sites often feature low-coordinate, redox-active metal centers precisely positioned to facilitate rapid O activation processes that obviate the generation of toxic, partially reduced oxygen species. Very few biomimetic constructs simultaneously recapitulate the complexity and reactivity of these biological cofactors.

Effect of PEGylation on the Adsorption and Binding Strength of Plasma Proteins to Nanoparticle Surfaces.

The adsorption of plasma proteins (human serum albumin, immunoglobulin γ-1, apolipoproteins A-I and E-III) onto polystyrene surfaces grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different grafting densities is simulated using an all-atom PEG model validated by comparing the conformations of isolated PEG chains with previous simulation and theoretical values. At high PEG density, the grafted PEG chains extend like brushes, while at low density, they significantly adsorb to the surface due to electrostatic attraction between polystyrene amines and PEG oxygens, forming a PEG layer much thinner than its Flory radius. Free energy calculations show that PEGylation can either increase or decrease the binding strength between proteins and surfaces, to an extent dependent on PEG density and specific proteins involved, in agreement with experiments.

Risk of extrahepatic malignancies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: a nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: Nationwide, population-based data on the risk of extrahepatic malignancy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in Asian countries are scarce. This study aimed to examine the risk of developing extrahepatic malignancies in a nationwide cohort of patients with AIH.

Methods: Using claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients diagnosed with AIH between 2007 and 2019 (n=7,382) were matched in a 1:8 ratio with an age- and sex-matched control population (n=58,320).

Ionic Diode-Based Drug Delivery System.

Drug delivery systems hold promise for delivering cytotoxic drugs by controlling the timing and location of the drug release. However, conventional delivery mechanisms often fall short of achieving spatiotemporally controlled yet sustained release, which is crucial for ensuring drug efficacy and minimizing impact on surrounding tissues. Here, an ionic diode-based drug delivery system is reported that is controlled by an electric potential and capable of releasing drugs at scales ranging from nanogram to microgram.

New from opposite ends of the world.

The is a group of ancient fungi with global distribution. In the current study we accessed mucoralean fungi isolated from two countries on opposite sides of the Earth and in different hemispheres: South Korea and Brazil. isolates were obtained from freshwater, soil, invertebrates, and fruit seeds and identified using phenotypic techniques combined with the DNA sequence data.

Uncovering Patterns in Overdose Deaths: An Analysis of Spike Identification in Fatal Drug Overdose Data in Massachusetts, 2017-2023.

Objectives: Yearly rolling aggregate trends or rates are commonly used to analyze trends in overdose deaths, but focusing on long-term trends can obscure short-term fluctuations (eg, daily spikes). We analyzed data on spikes in daily fatal overdoses and how various spike detection thresholds influence the identification of spikes.

Materials And Methods: We used a spike detection algorithm to identify spikes among 16 660 drug-related overdose deaths (from any drug) reported in Massachusetts' vital statistics from 2017 through 2023.

Diagnostic efficacy of body roll test for lateral canal BPPV: A randomized controlled study.

Background: Lateral semicircular canal BPPV (LC-BPPV) is diagnosed by the head roll test (HRT), in which the head is rotated to move particles in the lateral canal, causing nystagmus. The body roll test (BRT) is performed in a rolling position with the body and head together, which has the advantage of safely rotating the head at the correct angle in both directions. This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of the body roll test (BRT).

Direct Evidence of Excessive Charge-Carrier-Induced Degradation in InP Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

The limited operational lifetime of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) poses a critical obstacle that must be addressed before their practical application. Specifically, cadmium-free InP-based QLEDs, which are environmentally benign, experience significant operational degradation due to challenges in charge-carrier confinement stemming from the composition of InP quantum dots (QDs). This study investigates the operational degradation of InP QLEDs and provides direct evidence of the degradation process.

Effect of wearable robot Bot Fit's hip joint-centered assist torque and voice coach on walking.

Background: The main key to the 4th industrial era is robots, and wearable robots are incorporated into human healthcare. Samsung Electronics' Bot Fit is a hip joint-centered assistive robot that can induce walking posture and energetic walking exercises.

Methods: This study is a cross-section study.

Modularity-based mathematical modeling of ligand inter-nanocluster connectivity for unraveling reversible stem cell regulation.

The native extracellular matrix is continuously remodeled to form complex interconnected network structures that reversibly regulate stem cell behaviors. Both regulation and understanding of its intricate dynamicity can help to modulate numerous cell behaviors. However, neither of these has yet been achieved due to the lack of designing and modeling such complex structures with dynamic controllability.

A Redox-Enzyme Integrated Microbial Fuel Cell Design Using the Surface Display System in MR-1.

A biofuel cell is an electrochemical device using exoelectrogen or biocatalysts to transfer electrons from redox reactions to the electrodes. While wild-type microbes and natural enzymes are often employed as exoelectrogen and biocatalysts, genetically engineered or modified organisms have been developed to enhance exoelectrogen activity. Here, we demonstrated a redox-enzyme integrated microbial fuel cell (REI-MFC) design based on an exoelectrogen-enhancing strategy that reinforces the electrogenic activity of MR1 by displaying an extra redox enzyme on the cell surface.

Breath Analyzer for Real-Time Exercise Fat Burning Prediction: Oral and Alveolar Breath Insights with CNN.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders has created a significant demand for personalized devices that can effectively monitor fat metabolism. In this study, we developed an advanced breath analyzer system designed to provide real-time monitoring of exercise-induced fat burning by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in both oral and alveolar breath. Acetone in exhaled breath and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BOHB) in the blood are both biomarkers closely linked to the metabolic fat burning process occurring in the liver, particularly after exercise.

Penilumamide, a novel SIRT1 activator, protects UVB-induced photodamages in HaCaT cells.

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is a major physical factor that induces structural changes in human skin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the novel silent information regulator 1 (sirtuin 1 SIRT1) protein activator, penilumamide, exerted any protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage using human HaCaT keratinocytes as a model. Enzymatic assays were performed to determine the SIRT1-activating ability of penilumamide, which was compared with that of resveratrol, a potent natural product SIRT1 activator with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Functional Group Effects on the Interfacial Adsorption of Arylquinoline-3-Carbonitriles on Iron: A DFT-D3 Investigation of Surface Interaction Mechanisms.

Reliable corrosion inhibition systems are crucial for extending the lifespan of industrial metal structures. Quinolines, with their high adsorption capacity and protective efficiency, are promising next-generation inhibitors. However, the impact of substitutions on their coordination with iron surfaces requires deeper understanding.

Structural comparison of substrate-binding pockets of serine β-lactamases in classes A, C, and D.

β-lactams have been the most successful antibiotics, but the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria threatens their effectiveness. Serine β-lactamases (SBLs), among the most common causes of resistance, are classified as A, C, and D, with numerous variants complicating structural and substrate spectrum comparisons. This study compares representative SBLs of these classes, focusing on the substrate-binding pocket (SBP).

DPAR: Decoupled Graph Neural Networks with Node-Level Differential Privacy.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in learning with graph-structured data. Privacy concerns have also been raised for the trained models which could expose the sensitive information of graphs including both node features and the structure information. In this paper, we aim to achieve node-level differential privacy (DP) for training GNNs so that a node and its edges are protected.

Iron as a Sulfidation-Resistant Current Collector for Negative Electrode in Sulfide-Based All-Solid-Batteries.

The demand for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) featuring credible LiPSCl argyrodite (LPSCl) electrolytes is increasing, driving interest in exploring suitable current collectors for ASSBs. Copper (Cu), used as a current collector in traditional lithium-ion batteries, exhibits significant instability in LPSCl-ASSBs. In this study, the effectiveness of iron (Fe) is systematically investigated as an alternative current collector in LPSCl-ASSBs and compare its performance to that of Cu.

Flavonoid Derivatives Isolated from Ameliorate Insulin Resistance via Modulation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/FOXO1 Pathway in HepG2 Cells.

In this study, two high-content flavonoid derivatives [3-8 biapigenin (HM 104) and quercetin-3--β--galactopyranoside (HM 111)] were obtained through the bioactivity-guided isolation of antidiabetic compounds from flowers. HM 104 and HM 111 exhibited good glucose consumption in fatty acid-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Moreover, both active compounds enhanced glucose uptake by restoring the expression of key regulators of glucose metabolism, including insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and glucose transporter type 4, and by mitigating the expression of forkhead box O1 and the factors involved in gluconeogenesis.

Discovery of MDI-114215: A Potent and Selective LIMK Inhibitor To Treat Fragile X Syndrome.

LIMKs are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases responsible for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics as key regulators of actin stability, ensuring synaptic health through normal synaptic bouton structure and function. However, LIMK1 overactivation results in abnormal dendritic synaptic development that characterizes the pathogenesis of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). As a result, the development of LIMK inhibitors represents an emerging disease-modifying therapeutic approach for FXS.

Machine Learning Strategy for Optimizing Multiple Electrical Characteristics in Dual-Layer Oxide Thin Film Transistors.

A machine learning (ML) strategy is suggested to optimize dual-layer oxide thin film transistor (TFTs) performance. In this study, Bayesian optimization (BO), an algorithm recognized for its efficiency in optimizing material design, is applied to guide the design of a channel layer composed of IZO and IGZO. The sputtering fabrication process, which has attracted attention as an oxide semiconductor channel layer deposition method, is fine-tuned using ML to enhance multiple electrical characteristics of transistors: field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing.