Association between sleep disorders and health care utilization in children with chronic medical conditions: a Medicaid claims data analysis.

Study Objectives: To examine the risk of increased health care utilization (HU) linked to individual sleep disorders in children with chronic medical conditions.

Methods: Medicaid claims data from a cohort of 16,325 children enrolled in the Coordinated Healthcare for Complex Kids (CHECK) project were used. Sleep disorders and chronic medical conditions were identified using , and , codes.

Visceral adiposity is related to insulin sensitivity and inflammation in adolescents with obesity and mild sleep disordered breathing.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationships between adipose tissue distribution, insulin secretion and sensitivity, sleep-disordered breathing, and inflammation in obese adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 56 obese adolescents who underwent anthropometric measures, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, overnight polysomnography, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess relationships between adiposity, insulin secretion and sensitivity, measures of sleep-disordered breathing (oxyhemoglobin nadir, SpO; apnea hypopnea index, AHI; arousal index, AI; maximum end-tidal CO; non-REM sleep duration), and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hsCRP).

Increased incidence of pediatric narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a report from the pediatric working group of the sleep research network.

This study was aimed to evaluate the yearly incidence of pediatric narcolepsy prior to and following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and to evaluate seasonal patterns of narcolepsy onset and associations with H1N1 influenza infection in the United States. This was a multicenter retrospective study with prospective follow-up. Participants were recruited from members of the Pediatric Working Group of the Sleep Research Network including 22 sites across the United States.

Rates of diagnoses of sleep disorders in children with chronic medical conditions.

Study Objectives: This investigation examines sleep disorder (SD) diagnoses in a large population of children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions (CMCs). Little is known about SD diagnoses in this population. The large population used in this study allowed examination of SD rates by CMC type and demographics.

The relationship between sleep-disordered breathing, blood pressure, and urinary cortisol and catecholamines in children.

Study Objectives: Hypertension is a complication of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome in adults. A correlation between OSA syndrome and elevated blood pressure (BP) is suggested in children, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to study the effects of sleep and sleep apnea on BP and sympathetic nervous system activation as measured by serum cortisol and urinary catecholamines.

Reevaluating Norms for Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Brooks DM, Brooks LJ. Reevaluating norms for childhood obstructive sleep apnea. .

The role of polysomnography in tracheostomy decannulation of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Background: Patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may require tracheostomy for long-term mechanical ventilation. Polysomnography (PSG) may predict successful decannulation in children, however it is unclear how this success compares with children without a PSG. To better evaluate this role, we compared decannulation outcomes between tracheostomy-dependent children with BPD who underwent PSG before decannulation to those who did not.

Accuracy of a smartphone application in estimating sleep in children.

Purpose: Chronic sleep problems can lead to difficulties for both the individual and society at large, making it important to effectively measure sleep. This study assessed the accuracy of an iPhone application (app) that could potentially be used as a simple, inexpensive means to measure sleep over an extended period of time in the home.

Methods: Twenty-five subjects from the ages of 2-14 who were undergoing overnight polysomnography (PSG) were recruited.

Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for Healthy Children: Methodology and Discussion.

Abstract: Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in children and adolescents using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method. After review of 864 published articles, the following sleep durations are recommended: Infants 4 months to 12 months should sleep 12 to 16 hours per 24 hours (including naps) on a regular basis to promote optimal health. Children 1 to 2 years of age should sleep 11 to 14 hours per 24 hours (including naps) on a regular basis to promote optimal health.

Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Sleep is essential for optimal health in children and adolescents. Members of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed to promote optimal health in children and adolescents using a modified RAND Appropriateness Method. The recommendations are summarized here.

Event-related potentials reveal the relations between feature representations at different levels of abstraction.

In this paper, we use behavioural methods and event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the relations between informational and instantiated features, as well as the relation between feature abstraction and rule type. Participants are trained to categorize two species of fictitious animals and then identify perceptually novel exemplars. Critically, two groups are given a perfectly predictive counting rule that, according to Hannah and Brooks (2009.

Crystal structures of eight mono-methyl alkanes (C26-C32) via single-crystal and powder diffraction and DFT-D optimization.

The crystal structures of eight mono-methyl alkanes have been determined from single-crystal or high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Mono-methyl alkanes can be found on the cuticles of insects and are believed to act as recognition pheromones in some social species, e.g.

Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 are related to cardiovascular disease biomarkers in obese adolescents.

Context: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and pathophysiology in adults, but there are limited data in youth.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between IGF and IGFBP-1 with traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors including inflammatory markers and body composition in an obese pediatric cohort.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Prevalence of periodic limb movements during sleep in normal children.

Study Objectives: Although the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) mandates that periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) be scored on every polysomnogram, and considers a periodic limb movement index (PLMI) > 5/h abnormal in children, there is a lack of community-derived data regarding the prevalence of PLMS in children, and no data to support this cutoff value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PLMS in a sample of normal children.

Design: Retrospective study.

Relationship between sleep, sleep apnea, and neuropsychological function in children with Down syndrome.

Purpose: To determine whether sleep and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) contribute to the neuropsychological deficits of patients with Down syndrome, and whether treatment of SDB results in improvement in cognitive function.

Methods: In this cohort study, 25 children with Down syndrome underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Testing (MSLT), and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with SDB underwent a follow up PSG after treatment.

The global economic impact of manta ray watching tourism.

As manta rays face increased threats from targeted and bycatch fisheries, manta ray watching tourism, if managed properly, may present an attractive economic alternative to consumptive use of these species. Both species in the genus Manta (Manta alfredi and Manta birostris) are classified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List as species Vulnerable to extinction in the wild, and are considered unsustainable as fisheries resources due to their conservative life history characteristics, which considerably reduce their ability to recover population numbers when depleted. Utilising dive operator surveys, Internet research, and a literature review, this study provides the first global estimate of the direct economic impact of manta ray watching tourism and examines the potential socio-economic benefits of non-consumptive manta ray watching operations relative to consumptive use of manta rays as a fishery resource.

Relationship between sleep and pain in adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome.

Study Objectives: To investigate sleep quality in adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) and determine whether sleep abnormalities, including alpha-delta sleep (ADS), correlate with pain intensity. We hypothesized that successful treatment for pain with exercise therapy would reduce ADS and improve sleep quality.

Design: Single-center preintervention and postintervention (mean = 5.

Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, aggregate around offshore platforms in Qatari waters of the Arabian Gulf to feed on fish spawn.

Whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, are known to aggregate to feed in a small number of locations in tropical and subtropical waters. Here we document a newly discovered major aggregation site for whale sharks within the Al Shaheen oil field, 90 km off the coast of Qatar in the Arabian Gulf. Whale sharks were observed between April and September, with peak numbers observed between May and August.

Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objective: This technical report describes the procedures involved in developing recommendations on the management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Methods: The literature from 1999 through 2011 was evaluated.

Results And Conclusions: A total of 3166 titles were reviewed, of which 350 provided relevant data.

Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Objectives: This revised clinical practice guideline, intended for use by primary care clinicians, provides recommendations for the diagnosis and management of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children and adolescents. This practice guideline focuses on uncomplicated childhood OSAS, that is, OSAS associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity in an otherwise healthy child who is being treated in the primary care setting.

Methods: Of 3166 articles from 1999-2010, 350 provided relevant data.

Accuracy of computer algorithms and the human eye in scoring actigraphy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal scoring method and parameter settings of actigraphy by comparison to simultaneous polysomnography (PSG).

Methods: Fifteen studies of simultaneous PSG and actigraphy were completed in adolescents (mean age = 16.3 years) and analyzed.