Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Limited evidence exists on the role of glucose-lowering drugs in patients with COVID-19. Our main objective was to examine the association between in-hospital death and each routine at-home glucose-lowering drug both individually and in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19. We also evaluated their association with the composite outcome of the need for ICU admission, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death as well as on the development of in-hospital complications and a long-time hospital stay.

[Influenza A, pregnancy and neuraminidase inhibitors].

Following the explosion of the influenza A pandemic (H1N1) during the first semester of 2009, oseltamivir and zanamivir were used as the treatment of choice in the absence of rigorous clinical studies demonstrating their efficacy in the treatment and prophylaxis of this disease. Knowledge of seasonal influenza, flu pandemics and particularly the H1N1, which produces more severe infection and a higher mortality rate during pregnancy, led to the use of antiviral treatment despite the scarcity of clinical studies on their efficacy and effectiveness, mainly due to the influence of the media. This study reviewed the experimental and clinical studies performed on the safety of oseltamivir and zanamivir in pregnancy.

Ceramic femoral head fractures in total hip replacement.

Two cases of fracture of the ceramic head of a total hip replacement are presented. In both cases the damaged components were replaced with satisfactory results.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and metabolic acidosis in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: To describe a retrospective study of six HIV-positive individuals with compensated metabolic acidosis while receiving intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX).

Case Summary: Six HIV-infected patients were treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) with high-dose intravenous TMP/SMX. In spite of a favorable clinical and radiologic course, all six patients developed compensated metabolic acidosis 3-5 days after the start of treatment.

[Study of meniscal regeneration following total meniscectomy and the replacement of meniscus by different autologous plasties].

In order to study meniscal regeneration, and the behaviour of different autologous plasties used as meniscal substitutes, the knees of 45 adult White New Zealand rabbits were operated on. The 45 knees were divided into three groups with fifteen knees in each group. The meniscectomy group was given the letter M, the patellar group R, and the cartilage group C.