Dynamics of diversified A-to-I editing in Streptococcus pyogenes is governed by changes in mRNA stability.

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic cell physiology. However, our understanding of the occurrence, function and regulation of A-to-I editing in bacteria remains limited. Bacterial mRNA editing is catalysed by the deaminase TadA, which was originally described to modify a single tRNA in Escherichia coli.

Bacterial RNA in extracellular vesicles: A new regulator of host-pathogen interactions?

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by cells from all kingdoms and represent one form of cell-cell interaction. This universal system of communication blurs cells type boundaries, offering an new avenue for pathogens to infect their hosts. EVs carry with them an arsenal of virulence factors that have been the focus of numerous studies.

In vivo 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease targetomes of .

mRNA decay plays an essential role in the control of gene expression in bacteria. Exoribonucleases (exoRNases), which trim transcripts starting from the 5' or 3' end, are particularly important to fully degrade unwanted transcripts and renew the pool of nucleotides available in the cell. While recent techniques have allowed genome-wide identification of ribonuclease (RNase) targets in bacteria in vivo, none of the 3'-to-5' exoRNase targetomes (i.

RNase Y-mediated regulation of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B.

Endoribonuclease Y (RNase Y) is a crucial regulator of virulence in Gram-positive bacteria. In the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes, RNase Y is required for the expression of the major secreted virulence factor streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB), but the mechanism involved in this regulation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the 5' untranslated region of speB mRNA is processed by several RNases including RNase Y.

Identification of endoribonuclease specific cleavage positions reveals novel targets of RNase III in Streptococcus pyogenes.

A better understanding of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in bacteria relies on studying their transcriptome. RNA sequencing methods are used not only to assess RNA abundance but also the exact boundaries of primary and processed transcripts. Here, we developed a method, called identification of specific cleavage position (ISCP), which enables the identification of direct endoribonuclease targets in vivo by comparing the 5΄ and 3΄ ends of processed transcripts between wild type and RNase deficient strains.

Phylogeny of Cas9 determines functional exchangeability of dual-RNA and Cas9 among orthologous type II CRISPR-Cas systems.

The CRISPR-Cas-derived RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease is the key element of an emerging promising technology for genome engineering in a broad range of cells and organisms. The DNA-targeting mechanism of the type II CRISPR-Cas system involves maturation of tracrRNA:crRNA duplex (dual-RNA), which directs Cas9 to cleave invading DNA in a sequence-specific manner, dependent on the presence of a Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) on the target. We show that evolution of dual-RNA and Cas9 in bacteria produced remarkable sequence diversity.

Arginine vasopressin disposition in the conscious rabbit.

To characterize the urinary kinetics of AVP, and the influence of regional blood flow on the metabolic degradation of AVP, multiple doses of AVP were administered to conscious rabbits. AVP systemic clearance (ClT) was not influenced by changes in dose, in spite of a decrease in AVP urinary clearance following the highest dose. Hepatic blood flow was inversely associated with AVP concentrations, and despite a decrease in hepatic plasma flow of 37% (p < 0.

Effect of dehydration and hyperosmolal hydration on lignocaine and metabolites disposition in conscious rabbits.

1. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dehydration and hyperosmolal hydration on the disposition of lignocaine and two of its metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX). 2.

Furosemide dynamics: influence of dietary sodium and of saralasin.

The influence of dietary sodium and saralasin on the natriuretic and diuretic response to furosemide (5 mg/kg i.v.) was studied in three groups of conscious rabbits maintained for 4 weeks on either a normal sodium diet (NSD), or a low sodium diet (LSD) or a high sodium diet (HSD).

Influence of hemodialysis on the plasma levels of the atrial natriuretic factor in chronic renal failure.

Atrial natriuretic factor, plasma renin activity, and plasma vasopressin were measured in 38 patients with chronic renal failure prior to and after hemodialysis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of acute volume changes on the level of atrial natriuretic factor. Blood pressure prior to dialysis was 154 +/-/83 +/- mmHg, and 132 +/-/78 +/- mmHg post dialysis (p less than 0.