Validity of a Heart Rate Monitor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis During an Orthostatic Challenge.

Unlabelled: Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as a measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and is based on heart rate (HR) beat-to-beat time interval variance analysis. Various techniques are used for recording HR, however, few studies have compared Holter-type recordings vs HR monitors (HRM) during an orthostatic challenge.

Objectives: Compare HRV measures from an electrocardiogram (ECG) Holter and a HRM as a tool for investigating ANS response for post-concussion rehabilitation follow-up.

Progression of herpesvirus infection is inhibited by calcium reporter.

During infection, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alters the mitochondrial structure and function of the host cell. Live-cell imaging with fluorescent reporters revealed increased mitochondrial calcium and a transient ROS enrichment after HSV-1 infection. Notably, cells co-transfected with a calcium reporter displayed smaller viral replication compartments, while those with a ROS reporter exhibited average growth of viral replication compartments.

Overcoming Rape: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Psychological and Physical Health Functioning of Male Survivors.

When examining sexual assault, men are often hidden from the literature. The current study employed a mixed-methods, convergent parallel design to examine the experiences of 22 male survivors of sexual assault (mean age = 44.19,  = 13.

Cells and Molecules Underpinning Cannabis-Related Variations in Cortical Thickness during Adolescence.

During adolescence, cannabis experimentation is common, and its association with interindividual variations in brain maturation well studied. Cellular and molecular underpinnings of these system-level relationships are, however, unclear. We thus conducted a three-step study.

Designing and validating a clinical decision support algorithm for diabetic nephroprotection in older patients.

Background: Older patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) often do not receive optimal pharmacological treatment. Current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) do not incorporate the concept of personalised care. Clinical decision support (CDS) algorithms that consider both evidence and personalised care to improve patient outcomes can improve the care of older adults.

Automatic Classification of Nodules from 2D Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning Networks.

Objective: In clinical practice, thyroid nodules are typically visually evaluated by expert physicians using 2D ultrasound images. Based on their assessment, a fine needle aspiration (FNA) may be recommended. However, visually classifying thyroid nodules from ultrasound images may lead to unnecessary fine needle aspirations for patients.

Where is the research on sport-related concussion in Olympic athletes? A descriptive report and assessment of the impact of access to multidisciplinary care on recovery.

Objectives: This cohort study reported descriptive statistics in athletes engaged in Summer and Winter Olympic sports who sustained a sport-related concussion (SRC) and assessed the impact of access to multidisciplinary care and injury modifiers on recovery.

Methods: 133 athletes formed two subgroups treated in a Canadian sport institute medical clinic: earlier (≤7 days) and late (≥8 days) access. Descriptive sample characteristics were reported and unrestricted return to sport (RTS) was evaluated based on access groups as well as injury modifiers.

Therapeutic Inducers of Natural Killer cell Killing (ThINKK): preclinical assessment of safety and efficacy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant settings.

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the standard of care for chemotherapy-refractory leukemia patients, but cure rates are still dismal. To prevent leukemia relapse following HSCT, we aim to improve the early graft-versus-leukemia effect mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Our approach is based on the adoptive transfer of Therapeutic Inducers of Natural Killer cell Killing (ThINKK).

CD28-expressing δ T cells are increased in perivascular adipose tissue of hypertensive mice and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese humans.

Objectives: γδ T-lymphocytes play a role in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension, vascular injury and T-cell infiltration in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in mice. Mesenteric arteries of hypertensive mice and subcutaneous arteries from obese humans present similar remodeling. We hypothesized that γδ T-cell subtypes in mesenteric vessels with PVAT (MV/PVAT) from hypertensive mice and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from obese humans, who are prone to develop hypertension, would be similar.

Animal models used in meniscal repair research from to : A systematic review.

This systematic review, registered with Prospero, aims to identify an optimal animal model for meniscus repair research, moving from ex vivo experimentation to in vivo studies. Data sources included PubMed, Medline, all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Web of Science, and Embase searched in March 2023. Studies were screened using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Progression of herpesvirus infection remodels mitochondrial organization and metabolism.

Viruses target mitochondria to promote their replication, and infection-induced stress during the progression of infection leads to the regulation of antiviral defenses and mitochondrial metabolism which are opposed by counteracting viral factors. The precise structural and functional changes that underlie how mitochondria react to the infection remain largely unclear. Here we show extensive transcriptional remodeling of protein-encoding host genes involved in the respiratory chain, apoptosis, and structural organization of mitochondria as herpes simplex virus type 1 lytic infection proceeds from early to late stages of infection.

Needles in haystacks: monitoring the potential escape of bioaerosolised antibacterial resistance genes from wastewater treatment plants with air and phyllosphere sampling.

Wastewater treatment plants are well-known point sources of emissions of antibacterial resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Although most work to date has focused on ARG dispersal via effluent, aerial dispersal in bioaerosols is a poorly understood, but likely important vector for ARG dispersal. Recent evidence suggests that ARG profiles of the conifer needle phyllosphere could be used to measure bioaerosol dispersal from anthropogenic sources.

NMR measurement of diffusion coefficients by radio-frequency gradients in the case of short relaxation times.

The measurement of translational diffusion coefficients by NMR generally makes use basically of two magnetic field gradient pulses separated by a so-called diffusion interval. The magnetic field gradient arises either from the static magnetic field (denoted by B used for polarizing the nuclear spins) or from the radio-frequency field (denoted by B used for inducing NMR transitions). The B method may be hampered by short effective transverse relaxation times (T), by important gradient rise and fall times or by eddy currents.

Navigating the nuances: comparative analysis and hyperparameter optimisation of neural architectures on contrast-enhanced MRI for liver and liver tumour segmentation.

In medical imaging, accurate segmentation is crucial to improving diagnosis, treatment, or both. However, navigating the multitude of available architectures for automatic segmentation can be overwhelming, making it challenging to determine the appropriate type of architecture and tune the most crucial parameters during dataset optimisation. To address this problem, we examined and refined seven distinct architectures for segmenting the liver, as well as liver tumours, with a restricted training collection of 60 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (CE-MRI) from the ATLAS dataset.

Registration of preoperative temporal bone CT-scan to otoendoscopic video for augmented-reality based on convolutional neural networks.

Purpose: Patient-to-image registration is a preliminary step required in surgical navigation based on preoperative images. Human intervention and fiducial markers hamper this task as they are time-consuming and introduce potential errors. We aimed to develop a fully automatic 2D registration system for augmented reality in ear surgery.

Quantifying the administration and monitoring time burden of several disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom: A time and motion study.

Background: The treatment landscape for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed dramatically in recent decades, including an increasing number of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with varied administration and monitoring requirements. Coupled with greater focus on earlier treatment, these factors have resulted in stretching of the capacity of MS specialist services and allied healthcare professionals (HCPs). To assist with the effective planning of MS services in the UK NHS, this study quantified the administration and monitoring time burden associated with high-efficacy DMTs (alemtuzumab, cladribine tablets, fingolimod, natalizumab, and ocrelizumab) for relapsing MS.

Developmental role of macrophages modeled in human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal tissue.

Macrophages populate the embryo early in gestation, but their role in development is not well defined. In particular, specification and function of macrophages in intestinal development remain little explored. To study this event in the human developmental context, we derived and combined human intestinal organoid and macrophages from pluripotent stem cells.

Phenotyping the Responses to Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma Attacks (PRISMA): protocol for an observational and translational pilot study.

Introduction: Asthma and its associated exacerbation are heterogeneous. Although severe asthma attacks are systematically prescribed corticosteroids and often antibiotics, little is known about the variability of response to these therapies. Blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are type 2 inflammation biomarkers that have established mechanistic, prognostic and theragnostic values in chronic asthma, but their utility in acute asthma is unclear.

Influence of Alginate Properties and Calcium Chloride Concentration on Alginate Bead Reticulation and Size: A Phenomenological Approach.

Two types of alginates, AlgLF and AlgP, were used in this study to produce alginate beads by electro-vibratory extrusion. AlgLF and AlgP exhibited different Mannuronate/Guluronate (M/G) ratios and molecular weights as measured by NMR and SEC-MALS. The calcium chloride concentration was found to have the greatest effect on bead size.

Incidence of Concussions in Elite Female Water Polo: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: Current evidence for concussions is mixed in water polo players. Surveys suggest rates as high as 36%, whereas surveillance studies at international competitions often fail to report them at all. The goal of this study was to examine the incidence of concussions in elite female water polo players from surveillance tools implemented longitudinally.

Image-to-Patient Registration in Computer-Assisted Surgery of Head and Neck: State-of-the-Art, Perspectives, and Challenges.

Today, image-guided systems play a significant role in improving the outcome of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. They provide crucial anatomical information during the procedure to decrease the size and the extent of the approach, to reduce intraoperative complications, and to increase accuracy, repeatability, and safety. Image-to-patient registration is the first step in image-guided procedures.

Astroglial Hmgb1 regulates postnatal astrocyte morphogenesis and cerebrovascular maturation.

Astrocytes are intimately linked with brain blood vessels, an essential relationship for neuronal function. However, astroglial factors driving these physical and functional associations during postnatal brain development have yet to be identified. By characterizing structural and transcriptional changes in mouse cortical astrocytes during the first two postnatal weeks, we find that high-mobility group box 1 (Hmgb1), normally upregulated with injury and involved in adult cerebrovascular repair, is highly expressed in astrocytes at birth and then decreases rapidly.

Informal E-Waste Flows in Montréal: Implications for Extended Producer Responsibility and Circularity.

Environmental agencies around the world have adopted policies to manage e-waste and reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with its collection, sorting, dismantling, and recycling. In many OECD countries, where adequate policies and processing technologies exist, those who manage extended producer responsibility programs claim performance challenges due to competition from various actors collecting and managing e-waste "under the radar". While the material and economic losses attributed to such informal activities have been estimated by previous research, a detailed understanding of who is involved in these activities, why and how they operate, and with what social and environmental impacts, is often lacking.